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. 2021 Apr 1;15:662453. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.662453

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Copyright © 2021 Abbas and Vinberg.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Primary Sensory Neurons of the invertebrate and vertebrate visual and olfactory sensory systems: (A) The primary sensory neurons in the vertebrate olfactory and visual systems and their respective circuitry. Rods (blue) and cones (magenta) mediate vision at different light intensities. Rods mediate low light vision and having specializations enabling this, detailed within this review. Cones mediate daylight color vision and have specific specializations that mediate this. The olfactory sensory neurons (purple) have multiple cilia protruding from the end of the neuron into the olfactory lumen, in which the olfactory transduction machinery, including olfactory receptors, are localized. (B) The primary sensory neurons in the invertebrate (Drosophila) olfactory and visual systems, within their respective circuitry. The invertebrate ommatidium is the structure in which invertebrate photoreceptors (rhabdomeres) are coupled with the support and pigment cells. The rhabdomere (purple) is primary sensory neuron in which the visual transduction machinery is localized within the villi. The olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are located within sensory hairs, sensilla. OSNs (orange) project dendrites into the sensillum, with the olfactory receptors expressed on the surface. (C) The chemical structure of the chromophore responsible for vertebrate visual transduction, 11-cis-retinal. (D) The chemical structure of the chromophore present in Microvillar photoreceptors, 3-hydroxy-11-cis-retinal.