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. 2021 Apr 14;11:8170. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87571-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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hUC-MSC actin structure changes in response to cell sheet contraction. Representative immunofluorescent images of hUC-MSC cytoskeleton (F-actin, green), imaged top-down, within (a) adherent 2D monolayers and (b) detached contracted 3D cell sheets. Cytoskeletal remodeling in response to cell sheet contraction is demonstrated by non-significant differences in (c) β-actin gene expression in hUC-MSCs in 2D monolayers and 3D cell sheets. hUC-MSC nuclei (DAPI, blue), imaged in cross-section, are elongated within the aligned cytoskeletal structure in (d) 2D monolayers and are significantly more rounded within the 3D cytoskeletal organization in (e) 3D cell sheets, evidenced by (f) nuclei circularity quantification. Scale bars = 200 μm. Values are means ± SE (n = 30: ***p < 0.001).