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. 2021 Apr 14;11:8170. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87571-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Enhanced pro-regenerative cytokine gene expression related to 3D cell sheet tissue-like structure. Quantitative gene expression of proteins related to tissue-like interactions, including (a) β-catenin (cell–cell interaction), (b) connexin 43 (gap junction), (c) integrin β1 (cell–ECM interaction), and (d) laminin (ECM), were increased per hUC-MSC in 3D cell sheets relative to 2D monolayers. Quantitative gene expression of pro-regenerative cytokines (e) VEGF, (f) HGF, and (g) IL-10 also increased per hUC-MSC in 3D cell sheets relative to 2D monolayers, with undetectable levels of IL-10 expression in hUC-MSCs in 2D monolayers. (h) FGF gene expression was similar in MSC 2D monolayer and 3D MSC sheets. Values are means ± SE (n = 3: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). ND not determined.