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S-acylation Cycle. The palmitoyl group is transferred to the free thiol of cysteine from palmitoyl-CoA by a family of integral membrane zinc-dependent DHHC protein acyltransferases. The hydrophobicity of palmitate allows modified proteins to associate with the membranes of various organelles and facilitates trafficking between these organelles. Acyl-protein thioesterases remove thioester-linked fatty acids and thus regenerate a free thiol group.
