Table 1.
Study characteristics.
| Study | Type | Demographics | Target | Stimulation parameters | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size-Diagnosis |
Age (year) mean (SD) |
Duration (month) |
Outcomes | Contact | Amplitude (V) | Frequency (Hz) | Pulse width (μs) | |||
| Mayberg et al. (2005), Torres (2008) | Open label | 6 MDD | 46 (8.0) | 6 | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | SCG | Monopolar/bipolar | 4.0 | 130 | 60 |
| Lozano et al. (2008), Taghva et al. (2013) | Open label | 20 MDD | 47.4 (10.4) | 12 | HDRS; AEs | SCG | Monopolar | 3.5–5.0 | 130 | 90 |
| Kennedy et al. (2011), Williams et al. (2016) | Open label | 20 TRD | 47.4 (10.4) | 36 | HDRS; AEs | SCG | Monopolar | 4.3 | 124.7 | 70.6 |
| Lozano et al. (2008), Holtzheimer et al. (2012) | Open label | 10 MDD 7 BPAD | 42.0 (8.9) | 24 | HDRS; AEs | SCG | Monopolar | - | 130 | 91 |
| Malone et al. (2009), Lozano et al. (2012) | Open label | 21 MDD | 47.3 (6.1) | 12 | HDRS; MARDS; AEs | SCG | - | - | 128.1 | 93.9 |
| Bewernick et al. (2010), Puigdemont et al. (2012) | Open label | 8 TRD | 47.4 (11.3) | 12 | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | SCG | Bipolar | 4.2 | 135 | 174.4 |
| Nahas et al. (2010), Merkl et al. (2013) | Open label | 6 MDD | 50.7 (9.2) | 3 | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | SCG | Monopolar | 5.0 | 130 | 90 |
| Mayberg et al. (2005), Puigdemont et al. (2015) | RCT | 5 Active5 Control | 47.2 (12.23) | 3 | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | SCG | - | 3.5–5.0 | 130–135 | 120–240 |
| Malone et al. (2009), Puigdemont et al. (2015) | Open label | 14 MDD 1 BPAD | 46.3 (10.8) | 6 | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | VC/VS | - | 6.7 | 127 | 113 |
| Sartorius et al. (2010), Dougherty et al. (2015) | RCT | 16 Active14 Control | 47.7 (24.2) | 4 | MADRS; AEs | VC/VS | Monopolar/bipolar | <8 | - | 90, 210 |
| Open label | 30 MDD | 47.7 (24.2) | 8 | MADRS; AEs | Monopolar/bipolar | <8 | - | 90, 210 | ||
| Nahas et al. (2010), Fenoy et al. (2016) | Open label | 3 MDD 2 BPAD | 44.4 (9.7) | 7 | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | EpC | - | 2–4 | 60 | - |
| Dougherty et al. (2015), Williams et al. (2016) | Open label | 3 MDD 2 BPAD | 44.4 (9.7) | 60 | HDRS; MADRS; AES | EpC | Double bipolar | 4.5–6.5 | 130 | 90, 210 |
| Bewernick et al. (2010), Accolla et al. (2016) | Open label | 10 TRD | 48.6 (11.7) | 12 | HDRS | Nac | Double negative | 1.5–10.0 | 100–150 | 60-210 |
| Jiménez et al. (2005), Schlaepfer et al. (2013) | Open label | 6 MDD 1 BPAD | 42.6 (9.8) | 3 | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | sMFB | Bipolar | 2–3 | 130 | 60 |
| Schlaepfer et al. (2013), Fenoy et al. (2016) | Open label | 4 MDD | 46.3 (8.9) | 6.5 | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | sMFB | Double negative | 3.2 | 130 | 60 |
| Merkl et al. (2013), Accolla et al. (2016) | Open label | 5 MDD | 45.2 (12.89) | 3 | HDRS; | PGR | Monopolar | 5 | 130 | 90 |
| Kuo et al. (2014), Bergfeld et al. (2016) | Open label | 25 TRD | 53.2 (8.4) | 12 | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | vALIC | - | 2.5–6.0 | 130–180 | 90 |
| RCT | 9 Active 7 Control | - | - | HDRS; MADRS; AEs | - | 2.5–6.0 | 130–180 | 90 | ||
RCT, Randomized Controlled Trials; MDD, major depressive disorder; BPAD, bipolar affective depression; TRD, treatment-resistant depression; HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; AEs, Adverse Events; SCG, Subcallosal Cingulate Gyrus; VC/VS, Ventral Capsule/Ventral Striatum; NAc, Nucleus Accumbens; EpC, Epidural prefrontal Cortical; vALIC, Ventral Anterior Limb of the Interna Capsule; sMFB, Supero-lateral branch of the Medial Forebrain Bundle; PGR, Posterior Gyrus Rectus; -, Not Available; data presented with mean (SD).