Table 5. Heart failure functional ACC/AHA classification.
| ACC/AHA: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. | |
| Stage A | Patients at risk for heart failure who have not yet developed structural heart changes. |
| Stage B | Patients with structural heart disease, but who have not yet developed symptoms of heart failure. |
| Stage C | Patients who have developed clinical heart failure |
| Stage D | Patients with refractory heart failure requiring advanced intervention. |