Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included studies
| Author | Pub.year | Country, continent |
Sample Size |
The diagnosis of anemia | Risk factors | Quality score |
| Adera H., et al. [15] | 2019 | Ethiopia, Africa | 251 | WHO definition | rural residence BMI hemodialysis history |
7 |
| Afshar R., et al. [48] | 2010 | Iran, Asia | 100 | NKF-K/DOQI | BUN, Hb concentration, creatinine clearance |
6 |
| Akinola OI., et al. [40] | 2018 | Nigeria, Africa | 55 | WHO definition | aging, female gender, history of DM, declining eGFR |
6 |
| Akinsola A., et al. [41] | 2000 | Nigeria, Africa | 39 | Not Specified | severity of the renal failure | 6 |
| Bueno CS., et al. [11] | 2013 | Brazil, South America | 45 | WHO definition | ferritin, creatinine, urea under | 6 |
| Ijoma C., et al. [42] | 2010 | Nigeria, Africa | 364 | <12mg/dl | chronic glomerulonephritis HIV, chronic pyelonephritis |
7 |
| Delestudio., et al. [55] | 2014 | Spain, Europe | 504 | NKF | Stage of CKD | 8 |
| Di Iorio B., et al. [56] | 2007 | Italy, Europe | 2,746 | K-DOQI | Gender, years of dialysis, BMI, serum albumin, and calcium |
8 |
| Elgari MM., et al. [38] | 2019 | Sudan, Africa | 100 | Not Specified | erythropoietin and iron therapy | 6 |
| Han JS., et al. [49] | 2015 | Korean, Asia | 1,456 | WHO definition | Albuminuria | 8 |
| Haupt L., et al. [43] | 2016 | South Africa, Africa | 49 | K-DOQI | Iron therapy | 6 |
| Juma A [44] | 2012 | Tanzania, Africa | 100 | WHO definition | EPO level | 7 |
| Jungers PY., et al. [57] | 2002 | France, Europe | 403 | K-DOQI | Epoetin therapy Creatinine clearance |
8 |
| Kaze FF., et al. [13] | 2015 | Cameroon, Africa | 95 | K-DOQI | Erythropoietin treatment | 6 |
| Li Y., et al. [12] | 2016 | China, Asia | 2,420 | WHO definition | advancing CKD stage, iron therapy, chronicglomerulonephritis |
8 |
| Lau et al[18] | 2015 | Singapore, Asia | 457 | KDIGO | stage 5 CKD, hematological and respiratory disorders |
7 |
| Maïz HB., et al. [45] | 2002 | Tunisian, Africa | 304 | WHO definition | History of dialysis | 7 |
| McClellan W., et al.[9] | 2004 | United state, North America | 5,222 | <12mg/dl | EPO therapy | 8 |
| Meremo AJ., et al. [46] | 2017 | Tanzania, Africa | 792 | WHO definition | blood loss, eGFR, serum creatinine level, and Urea level |
7 |
| Nalado AM., et al. [14] | 2019 | South Africa, Africa | 397 | K-DOQI | CKD stage V, Diabetes Mellitus, ethnic disparity |
6 |
| Raji YR, et al. [47] | 2020 | Nigeria, Africa | 314 | K-DOQI | Female gender severity of CKD |
6 |
| Ryu S-R., et al. [50] | 2017 | Korean, Asia | 2,198 | WHO definition | CKD stages, body mass index (BMI), smoking, leukocyte count, serum albumin, iron markers, calcium, and phosphorus concentration |
8 |
| Salman M., et al. [51] | 2016 | Malaysia, Asia | 615 | KDIGO | advanced stages of CKD, iron therapy |
8 |
| Shaheen FA., et al. [52] | 2011 | Saudi, Asia | 250 | K-DOQI | Advanced stages of CKD, iron therapy |
7 |
| Stauffer ME., etal[39] | 2014 | United state, North America | 1,691 | NAAC and WHO | Advanced stage of CKD | 8 |
| Stirnadel-Farrant HA., et al. [28] | 2018 | England, Europe | 266 | Not Specified | advanced CKD, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease |
7 |
| Suega K., et al. [53] | 2005 | Indonesia, Asia | 52 | WHO definition | Low serum folic acid | 6 |
| Vikrant S., et al. [54] | 2019 | India, Asia | 2,723 | K-DOQI | deficiency of folic acid and Vitamin B12 |
8 |
K-DOQI: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative; NKF:National Kidney Foundation;NAAC: National Anemia Action Council; WHO: World Health Organization;KDIGO: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes