Table 2.
Erythrocytic measures and anemia rates, levels and morphologic types
| Characteristic | Non-ISUs, n=64 |
HIV-TB-, n=201 |
HIV+TB-, n=129 |
HIV-TB+, n=20 |
HIV+TB+, n=29 |
P |
| RBC×1012/L | 4.8 (1.0) | 4.9 (0.8) | 4.7 (0.8) b | 4.9 (0.6) | 4.4 (0.7) a | 0.001 |
| Hb, g/dL | 13.4 (2.3) | 12.6 (2.2) | 12.3 (2.5) b | 12.2 (2.8) | 11.6 (2.8) a | <0.0001 |
| HCT, % | 40.7 (6.3) | 41.8 (6.4) | 39.1 (6.8) b | 41.0 (6.6) | 37.1 (8.4) a | 0.001 |
| RDW | 14.1 (2.6) | 13.5 (2.3) | 14.4(3.0) b | 13.9 (2.4) | 11.9 (3.4) a | 0.002 |
| MCV, fL | 89.8(12.0) | 85.4 (8.8) | 85.7 (11.1) | 85.7 (10.1) | 82.9 (14.4) | 0.259 |
| MCH, pg | 28.7 (4.7) | 26.4(3.8)b | 26.7(4.1)b | 26.0 (3.3) | 24.7 (4.9) a | 0.006 |
| MCHC, g/dL | 32.2 (3.0) | 30.7 (3.1)b | 31.1(3.6) | 31.1 (3.4) | 27.9 (3.5) a | 0.013 |
| Erythrocytosis, n (%) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Polycythemia, n (%) | 3 (4.7) | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Overall anaemia, n (%) | 12 (16.6) | 98 (56.2) | 73 (56.6) | 14 (70.0) | 23 (79.3) | <0.0001 |
| Anemia levels, n (%) | ||||||
| Severe anemia | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | 6 (8.2) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (47.8) | - |
| Moderate anemia | 2 (16.6) | 30 (30.6) | 33 (45.2) | 6 (42.9) | 7 (30.5) | 0.002 |
| Mild anemia | 10 (83.4) | 67 (68.4) | 34 (46.6) | 8 (57.1) | 5 (21.7) | 0.001 |
| Morphologic types n (%) | ||||||
| Microcytic hypochromic | 0 (0.0) | 26 (26.5) | 15 (20.5) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (43.5) | - |
| Microcytic normochromic | 2 (16.7) | 7 (7.1) | 8 (11.0) | 2 (14.3) | 4 (17.4) | - |
| Normocytic hypochromic | 2 (16.7) | 21 (21.4) | 19 (26.0) | 6(42.9) | 6 (26.1) | - |
| Normocytic normochromic | 8 (66.6) | 41 (41.8) | 24 (32.9) | 6(42.9) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Normocytic hyperchromic | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Macrocytic hypochromic | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (6.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Macrocytic normochromic | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Macrocytic hyperchromic | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (13.0) | - |
Data are presented as medians (IQR) for RBC, Hb, HCT, RDW, MCV, MCH and MCHC and as number and proportion of subjects for, overall anemia, anemia grading and morphologic types. HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; TB, mycobacterium tuberculosis; HIV-TB-, HIV and TB negative injection substance users; HIV+TB-, HIV positive TB negative injection substance users; HIV-TB+, HIV negative TB positive injection substance users; HIV+TB+, HIV and TB co-infected injection substance users. RBC, red blood cell count; Hb, hemoglobin concentration; HCT, hematocrit; RDWcv, red blood cell distribution width; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean cell hemoglobin concentration. Data analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Thereafter, post-hoc correlations for multiple comparisons were performed using the Dunn's multiple comparison tests for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical data. RBC, Hb, HCT, RDW MCH and MCHC, aP < 0.05 vs. HIV-TB+, HIV+TB-, HIV-TB- and Non-ISUs; RBC, Hb, HCT and RDW, bP < 0.05 vs. HIV-TB- and Non-ISUs; MCH and MCHC, bP < 0.05 vs. Non-ISUs. Significant P-values are shown in bold