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. 2021 Apr 1;12:620427. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620427

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Copyright © 2021 Kovács, Mácsik-Valent, Matkó, Bajtay and Erdei.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antibody production is inhibited by co-ligation of CR2 with the BCR. Resting human B cells were cultured with complexes consisting of either streptavidin-conjugated biotinylated anti-IgG/A/M (control) or streptavidin-linked biotinylated anti-IgG/A/M and biotinylated C3d in different concentrations as indicated, for 72 h. IgM (A,C,E) and IgG (B,D,F) -antibody secreting cells (ASCs) were enumerated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays. Images of representative membranes depicting the IgM (A) and IgG (B) producing B cells, and mean numbers of IgM (C) and IgG (D) secreting B cells ± SD of triplicate samples of a representative donor are shown. Quantity of IgM (E) and IgG (F) producing B cells was compared to the control samples taken as 100%. The cumulative results obtained in three independent experiments display the mean of the relative values ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.