Table 3. Univariate analysis of distinguishing benign and malignant GGNs in the derivation set.
| Factor | Benign (n=13) | Adenocarcinoma (n=84) | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.2±9.6 | 61.0±8.0 | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.472 |
| Sex | 0.015 | |||
| Female | 5 (38.5) | 62 (73.8) | 1.0 | |
| Male | 8 (61.5) | 22 (26.2) | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) | |
| Smoking history | 5 (38.5) | 13 (15.5) | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) | 0.057 |
| Multifocality | 5 (38.5) | 39 (46.4) | 1.4 (0.4–4.6) | 0.592 |
| Nodule type | 0.048 | |||
| pGGN | 8 (61.5) | 27 (32.1) | 1.0 | |
| mGGN | 5 (38.5) | 57 (67.9) | 3.4 (1.0–11.3) | |
| Location | 0.056 | |||
| Peripheral | 11 (84.6) | 82 (97.6) | 1.0 | |
| Center | 2 (15.4) | 2 (2.4) | 0.1 (0.0–1.1) | |
| Shape | 0.332 | |||
| Round/oval | 9 (69.2) | 46 (54.8) | 1.0 | |
| Irregular | 4 (30.8) | 38 (45.2) | 1.9 (0.5–6.5) | |
| Margin | 0.296 | |||
| Smooth | 9 (69.2) | 45 (53.6) | 1.0 | |
| Lobulated | 4 (30.8) | 39 (46.4) | 1.9 (0.6–6.8) | |
| Bronchial sign | 7 (53.8) | 59 (70.2) | 2.0 (0.6–6.6) | 0.245 |
| Vacuole sign | 2 (15.4) | 15 (17.9) | 1.2 (0.2–6.0) | 0.827 |
| Pleural indentation | 4 (30.8) | 51 (60.7) | 3.5 (1.0–12.2) | 0.052 |
| Vessel convergence sign | 12 (92.3) | 79 (94.0) | 1.3 (0.1–12.3) | 0.809 |
| DGGN (mm) | 17.1 (11.8–24.8) | 18.0 (13.0–24.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.250 |
| Dsolid (mm) | 0.0 (0.0–8.9) | 6.4 (0.0–12.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.096 |
| CTR | 0.0 (0.0–0.6) | 0.4 (0.0–0.6) | 3.5 (0.5–26.9) | 0.224 |
| CTGGO (HU) | −419.0 (–614.0 to −368.0) | −445.0 (−563.2 to −368.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.362 |
| ΔCTGGO-LP (HU) | 380.0 (241.0–508.0) | 421.0 (309.8–492.2) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.423 |
| SUVmax | 3.0 (1.5–5.8) | 2.0 (1.1–3.2) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.012 |
| SUVindex | 1.2 (0.4–2.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.015 |
Data were presented as mean ± SD/P50 (P25–P75)/N (%). GGN, ground-glass nodule; pGGN, pure GGN; mGGN, mixed GGN; DGGN, diameter of the GGN; Dsolid, diameter of the solid component; CTR, the ratio of Dsolid to DGGN; CTGGO, attenuation value of the GGO component on CT; ΔCTGGO-LP, the difference between CTGGO and CTLP; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value; SUVindex, ratio of the nodule SUVmax to liver SUVmean; GGO, ground-glass opacity; LP, lung parenchyma.