Table 3. Diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT quantitative parameters for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the breast.

Parameter	AUC	Threshold of parameter	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Accuracy (%)
Arterial phase NIC	0.86	0.044	86.4 (38/44) [72.0, 94.3]	72.6 (85/117) [63.5, 80.3]	76.4 (123/161) [69.2, 82.3]
Venous phase NIC	0.77	0.129	95.5 (42/44) [83.3, 99.2]	47.0 (55/117) [37.8, 56.4]	60.2 (97/161) [52.5, 67.5]
Arterial phase λHu (HU/keV)	0.89	0.765	86.4 (38/44) [72.0, 94.3]	83.8 (98/117) [75.5, 89.7]	84.5 (136/161) [78.0, 89.3]
Venous phase λHu (HU/keV)	0.9	1.74	84.1 (37/44) [69.3, 92.8]	86.3 (101/117) [78.4, 91.7]	85.7 (138/161) [79.4, 90.4]
Arterial phase nZeff	0.81	0.705	70.5 (31/44) [54.6, 82.8]	86.3 (101/117) [78.4, 91.7]	82.0 (132/161) [75.3, 87.2]
Venous phase nZeff	0.77	0.835	77.3 (34/44) [61.8, 88.0]	75.2 (88/117) [66.2, 82.5]	75.8 (122/161) [68.6, 81.8]
Arterial phase attenuation (HU)	0.87	42.35	84.1 (37/44) [69.3, 92.8]	82.1 (96/117) [73.6, 88.3]	82.6 (133/161) [76.0, 87.7]
Venous phase attenuation (HU)	0.89	53.7	79.5 (35/44) [64.2, 89.7]	83.8 (98/117) [75.5, 89.7]	82.6 (133/161) [76.0, 87.7]

Data in parentheses are the numerator/denominator and data in brackets are the 95% confidence intervals. NIC, normalized iodine concentration; nZ_eff, normalized effective atomic number; λ_Hu, slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit curve; HU, Hounsfield unit; AUC, area under the curve.