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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Inorg Chem. 2020 May 5;59(10):6648–6678. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00510

Table 2.

Comparison of physicochemical properties of representative transition metal-based T1-relaxation agents discussed as GBCA alternatives.

MW q r1 in water or buffer, 37 °C (mM−1s−1) r1 in blood plasma, 37 °C (mM−1s−1)
 GBCAs
 Gd-DTPA  546  1  3.3a,87 3.1b87  4.1a,j,87 3.7b,j,87
 Gd-DTPA-BMA  574  1  3.3a,87 3.2b,87  4.3a,j,87 4.0b,j,87
 GD-DTPA-BMEA  662  1  3.8a, 87 3.6 b, 87  4.7a,j,87 4.5b,j,87
 Gd-BOPTA  666  1  4.0a, 87 4.0 b, 87  6.3a,j, 87 5.5 b,j, 87
 Gd-EOB-DTPA  680  1  4.7a, 87 4.3 b, 87  6.9 a,j, 87 6.2 b,j, 87
 MS-325  904  1  5.2a, 87 5.3 b, 87  19 a,j, 87 9.9 b,j, 87
 Gd-DOTA  558  1  2.9a, 87 2.8 b, 87  3.6 a,j, 87 3.5 b,j, 87
 Gd-HP-DO3A  559  1  2.9a, 87 2.8 b, 87  4.1a,j, 873.7 b,j, 87
 Gd-DO3A-butrol  605  1  3.3a,87 3.2 b,87  5.2a,j,87 5.0 b,j87
 Mn2+ complexes
 Mn-EDTA  343  1  2.2c,231
 Mn-EDTA-BOM  481  1  3.6d,231  28d,k,l,231
 Mn-EDTA-BOM2  601  1  4.3d,231  41d,k,l,231
 Mn-EDTA-Tyr-OH  449  1  3.2c,236
 Mn-BTA-EDTA  596  1  3.5e,91  15.1e,m,91
 Mn-EOB-EDTA  506  1  2.3e,90  6.3 e,m,90
 Mn-LCyPh2  686  157  5.8f,232 46f,n,232
 Mn-CyDTA  397  1  2.1c,79
 Mn-PyC3A  433  1  2.1c,79 3.5c,k,86 3.4b,k,88 , 3.8c,j,79
 Mn-PyC3A-3-OBn  537  1  2.6c,86  9.0c,k,86
 Mn-DPAAA  397  1  2.7f,234
 Mn-PAADA  320  2  3.3f,234
 Mn-DPAMA  354  2  4.2f,237  9.6d,k,l,237
 Mn-12-PyN4A  317  1  1.9f,83
 Mn-12-PyN4P  352  1  22.3f,83
 Mn-15-PyN5  306  2  3.6f,84
 Mn-15-PyN3O2  304  2  3.1f,84
 Mn-PC2A-EA  361  0<q<1  2.5d,78
 Mn-1,4-DO2A  341  1  1.7 f,238
 Mn-1,7-DO2A  341  0<q<1  1.3 f, 238
 Mn-1,4-DO2AM  241  1  2.0 f,77  9.6d,k,l,77
 Mn-MeNO2A  328  1  2.2f,239
 Mn3+ complexes
 MnTPPS4  984  2  12e,211
 Mn-TCP  839  2  7.9b,98
 Mn-PDA-1  399  2  4.1g,104
 Mn-PDA-2  499  2  5.4g,104
 Mn-PDA-3  435  2  5.1g,104
 Mn-P2  1808  2  28.2b,98,14.1/Mn  32.4b,o,99, 16.2/Mn
 Fe3+ complexes
 Fe-CyDTA  398  1  2.0h,117  2.2 h,p,117
 Fe-L1  390  ND  2.2i,111  2.5i,m,111 3.8 i,q,111
 Fe-L2  471  ND  0.81i,111  1.1i,m,111
 Fe-L3  433  ND  1.7 i,111  2.2, I,m,111 1.8 I,q,111
 Fe-L4  514  ND  0.42 i,111  0.96 I,m,111
a

1.5T

b

3.0T

c

1.4T

d

0.47T and 25 °C

e

1.5T and 25 °C

f

0.47T

g

7.0T, 22 °C.

h

0.94T, 37 °C. RT

i

4.7T

j

bovine blood plasma

k

human serum albumin

l

estimated r1 for 0.1 mmol complex in 0.66 mM HSA based of r1 values reported for free and HSA-bound complex

m

0.67 mM human serum albumin

n

human blood plasma

o

0.75 mM HSA

p

fetal calf serum

q

human blood serum

r

rabbit blood plasma.