Table 2.
Characteristics and outcomes in patients with and without liver fibrosis in the MAFLD group.
| No fibrosis (n=139) | Severe fibrosis (n=37) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic features | |||
| Age (years) | 47.4 ± 12 | 50.7± 12 | 0.153 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.3 ± 4.6 | 33.3 ± 8.7 | 0.196 |
| Fibrosis scores | |||
| NFS | 0.49 ± 1.56 | 2.34 ± 1.58 | 0.000 |
| APRI | 0.57 ± 0.59 | 1.47± 0.84 | 0.000 |
| Prognostic scores | |||
| qSOFA | 1.0 (0-1) | 1 (1-1) | 0.346 |
| SOFA | 2 (1-2) | 2 (1-3) | 0.202 |
| NEWS | 7 (5-8) | 8 (6-9) | 0.033 |
| PSI/PORT | 59 (48-74) | 65 (50-76) | 0.572 |
| SMART COP | 3 (3-4) | 3 (2-4) | 0.590 |
| Bello-Chavolla et al. score | 6 (5-7) | 7 (6-8) | 0.026 |
| Biochemical values | |||
| CRP (ref: 0-1mg/dl) | 15.0±10.3 | 14.5± 8.1 | 0.743 |
| Ferritin (ref: 11- 306.8ng/ml) | 755 ± 641 | 936 ± 721 | 0.157 |
| D-dimer (ref: 0-500ng/ml) | 1606 ± 7055 | 1173 ± 2183 | 0.732 |
| LDH (ref: 120 - 246u/l) | 380 ± 148 | 470 ± 200 | 0.004 |
| Troponins (ref:<15pg/ml) | 8.5 ± 18.4 | 14.0±26.9 | 0.199 |
| CPK (ref: 30-223u/l) | 224 ± 271 | 526 ± 738 | 0.032 |
| Bilirubin (ref: mg/dl) | 0.66 ± 0.22 | 0.71± 0.36 | 0.169 |
| ALT (ref: 7-52u/l) | 45.8 ± 40.3 | 67.7 ± 38.2 | 0.005 |
| AST (ref:13-39u/l) | 48.2± 38.3 | 83.0 ± 30.3 | 0.000 |
| Globulins (ref: 1.9-3.7g/dl) | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 0.669 |
| Albumin (ref:3.5 -5.7g/dl) | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 0.888 |
| ALP (ref: 34-104u/l) | 90±35 | 94±39 | 0.522 |
| Creatinine (ref: 0.6-1.2mg/dl) | 0.98 ± 0.47 | 0.99 ± 0.33 | 0.917 |
| Glucose (ref:70-99 mg/dl) | 123 (105-165) | 125 (104-188.5) | 0.802 |
| Leukocytes (ref: 4- 12 × 10^3/ul) | 8.4 ± 3.5 | 7.1 ± 2.5 | 0.021 |
| Lymphocytes (ref: 3.9 × 10^3/ul) | 930±435 | 926±377 | 0.956 |
| Platelets (ref: 150-450k/ul) | 238±76 | 160±53 | 0.000 |
| 25 oh vitamin D (ref: 30-100ng/ml) | 22.3 ± 8.5 | 19.2 ± 6.8 | 0.078 |
| Triglycerides (ref:<150mg7dl) | 162±124 | 172±70 | 0.698 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 224 (137-276) | 191 (112-277) | 0.435 |
| Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio | 7.0 (4.1-12.1) | 6.1 (3.9-9.0) | 0.191 |
| Other (n / %) | |||
| Metabolic syndrome | 63 (45.3) | 20 (54.1) | 0.529 |
| Severe COVID-19 | 100 (72.5) | 26 (78.8) | 0.459 |
| Admission to ICU | 32 (22.9) | 13 (39.4) | 0.051 |
| Discharge from ICU | 15 (46.9) | 5 (38.5) | 0.607 |
| Acute kidney injury | 28 (20.1) | 11 (33.3) | 0.104 |
| Thrombotic event | 1 (0.7) | 1 (3.0) | 0.346 |
| Death | 21(15.0) | 10(32.3) | 0.024 |
| Days between the beginning of symptoms and hospitalization | 7 (5-9) | 8 (6-10) | 0.287 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 8 (4-12) | 9 (6-16) | 0.297 |
| Days in ICU | 12 (7-23) | 10 (4-12) | 0.061 |
| Days between the beginning of hospitalization and death | 8 (5-20) | 8 (6-14) | 0.919 |
| Days between ICU requirement and death | 5 (3-8) | 7 (6-12) | 0.264 |
BMI, body mass index; NFS, NAFLD fibrosis score; APRI, AST to platelet ratio index; CRP, c-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CPK, creatine phosphokinase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, Intensive care unit.