Table 2.

Potentially curable causes of dementia syndromes (Wallesch and Förstl, 2012; Day, 2019).

Curable dementia cause	Diagnostic tool	Therapy
Major depression	Clinical	Psychotherapy, anti-depressive pharmacotherapy
Nutritive deficiency (Vitamine B12, D, folic acid)	Blood	Substitution
Infections (lues, borreliosis, viral)	CSF, Blood, clinical, imaging	Anti-infectious
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus	Imaging, tab test	Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Autoimmune encephalitis	CSF, imaging	Immunosuppression, plasmapheresis
Vasculitis	CSF, imaging, angiography	Immunosuppression
Macroangiopathy	Imaging	Risk factor management, thrombendarteriectomy
Microangiopathy	Imaging	Risk factor management
Hypothyreosis	Blood	Substitution
Niemann-Pick type C	Blood (genetics, oxysterols)	Enzyme substitution
Epileptic encephalopathy	EEG, ex juvantibus	Anticonvulsive drugs

CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EEG, electroencephalography.