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. 2021 Apr 1;8:662047. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.662047

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Copyright © 2021 Carvalho and Hedrich.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Altered synovial vascularization in psoriatic arthritis is critical for the development of synovitis and inflammation which result in cartilage destruction and bone resorption. The PsA synovium is characterized by an increased vascularization that facilitates the infiltration of innate and effector immune cells. The increase of immune cells together with the proliferation of fibroblasts leads to a hypoxia environment that further stimulates angiogenesis and infiltration of more immune cells, inducing propagation of inflammation. The increased levels of VEGF, MMP-9, and EMMRPIN/CD147 observed in PsA synovium together with the several SNP and miRNA signatures associated with angiogenesis support the critical role of angiogenesis in the development of psoriatic arthritis.