The evolution of T cell subpopulations during PDAC malignant development. (a-b) The t-SNE plots showing T cell subpopulations in subcluster analysis, according to clustering distribution in the a, sample source in the b. (c) Single-cell profiling heatmap comparing the marker genes expression level among T cell subcluster, each column and row represented a single cell and gene respectively. (d) T cell subsets proportion in PDAC with different clinical stages. (e) The t-SNE plots showing the expression level of specific T cell subsets marker gene. (f) GO analysis showing biological process terms for marker genes in Tregs (cluster7). (g) Upsetplot for Treg and exhausted T cell signature genes from different studies, the box in the upper right enumerated 22 common signature gene among all studies. (h) DUSP4 and IL2RA having specific expression pattern in Treg/exhausted T cell (clsuter7) based on violin plot. (i) TCGA database indicating the value of IL2RA and DUSP4 as diagnosis and prognosis markers. Scatter plot showing IL2RA has significant correlation with canonical Treg/exhausted T cell markers (CTLA4, FOXP3, TIGIT). (j) Pseudotime analysis exploring the development trajectories of T cell (naïve T cell – effector T cell – Treg/exhausted T cell).