Fig. 4.

Schematic overview of the (in)direct effects of SCFAs, mainly butyrate, on the adaptive immune system. The HDAC-inhibition mechanism is shown in the square (*) and promotes translation of transcription factors. HAT= histone acetyl transferase, HDAC= histone deacetylase, mTOR= mammalian target of rapamycin, TF= transcription factor.