Table 1.
Overview of the SCFA-receptors, their expression, activation, production and function. (*)= Indirect effect, A= Acetate, AI= Anti-inflammatory, B= Butyrate, P= Propionate.
| Receptor | Expression | Activation | Production | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFAR 2/ GPR 43 | IEL-cells | A > P > B | PYY, GLP 1 | Glucose and lipid metabolism Appetite regulation* |
| Adipose tissue | / | Regulation lipid homeostasis, Insulin regulation | ||
| Immune cells | AI signals (Treg & IL10↑) | Anti-inflammatory properties | ||
| FFAR 3/ GPR 41 | IEL-cells | B > P> A | PYY, GLP 1 | Glucose metabolism,Appetite regulation* |
| Sympatic ganglia | P | / | HR↑, E expenditure↑ | |
| GPR 109 A | Colonic epithelial cells | (β-OH-) B | AI-signals | Colonic inflammation ↓, carcinogenesis ↓ |
| Adipose tissue | / | Regulate lipid homeostasis | ||
| Immune cells (M, DC) | AI-signals (Treg & IL10↑) | Anti-inflammatory properties | ||
| OLFR 78 | Renal blood vessels | Microbial A and P | Renine* | Blood pressure regulation |