Table 3.
List of all active, completed or terminated clinical trials of mRNA antibodies and immunomodulators in cancer therapy
| Sponsor | Therapy (delivery route) | Indication | ClinicalTrial.gov identifier (phase, allocation) | Combination | Opened | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antibodies | ||||||
| Duke University | DC with GITRL/anti-CTLA-4 mAb mRNA (i.n.) | Metastatic melanoma | NCT01216436 (I) | Melanoma TAA mRNA transfected DCs | 2010 | Terminated (lack of personnel) |
| Immunomodulators | ||||||
| Cytokines | ||||||
| Medimmune LLC, Moderna TX Inc. | LNP with IL-12 mRNA (i.t.) | Solid tumors | NCT03946800 (I) | Durvalumab | 2019 | Recruiting |
| Moderna TX Inc., AstraZeneca | LNP with OX40L, IL-23 and IL-36γ mRNA (i.t.) | Relapsed/refractory solid tumor malignancies or lymphoma, TNBC, HNSCC, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, urothelial cancer | NCT03739931 (I) | Durvalumab | 2018 | Recruiting [182] |
| Sanofi, BioNTech SE | scIL-12, IL-15sushi, IFNα and GM-CSF mRNA (i.t.) | Metastatic neoplasms | NCT03871348 (II, non-randomized) | Cemiplimab | 2019 | Recruiting |
| Stimulatory ligands and receptors | ||||||
| eTheRNA Immunotherapies Nv. | TriMix (CD70, CD40L, caTLR4) mRNA and TAA mRNA (i.n.) | Melanoma | NCT03394937 (I) | None | 2018 | Recruiting |
| Moderna TX Inc. | LNP-OX40L mRNA (i.t.) | Relapsed/refractory solid tumor malignancies or lymphoma, ovarian cancer | NCT03323398 (I/II, non-randomized) | Durvalumab | 2017 | Recruiting |
| Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, eTheRNA Immunotherapies Nv. | TriMix (CD70, CD40L, caTLR4) mRNA (i.t.) | Early resectable breast cancer | NCT03788083 (I) | None | 2018 | Recruiting |
From ClinicalTrial.gov (keywords: cancer AND mRNA AND immunomodulator OR cytokine OR co-stimulator OR antibody) on Dec 1, 2020 and PubMed literature search. ca constitutively active, CD40L CD40 ligand, CTLA-4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, DC dendritic cell, GITRL glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein ligand, GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, i.n. intranodal, i.t. intratumoral, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, LNP lipid nanoparticle, mAb monoclonal antibody, OX40L OX40 ligand, sc single-chain, TAA tumor-associated antigen, TLR toll-like receptor, TNBC triple-negative breast cancer