Table 2.
Study dimensions, main variables, and measurement instruments
| Variable | RUCAS survey | RUCAS IDO tool | Hygro-chrons | Systematic observation | Interviews | SEREMI-ERU a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dwelling habitability, uses and perceptions | ||||||
| Dwelling intervention status (insulation, improvement of roofs, renovation of utilities, and expansion) | X | X | ||||
| Intra-domiciliary temperature and humidity (objective and perceived) | X | X | ||||
| Leaks and dwelling maintenance (state of conservation of walls, ceilings, and floor) | X | X | ||||
| Bedrooms per dwelling, overcrowding (residents per bedroom [49] and insufficiency of bedrooms [50]) and presence of illegal self-built expansions | X | X | ||||
| Mold (observed and smelled) | X | X | ||||
| Family relationships related to the use of dwelling | X | |||||
| Satisfaction with housing (amount of space, insulation of exterior noises, temperature, natural light availability). Experiences related to dwelling | X | X | ||||
| Dwelling ventilation, cleanliness, and trash removal. Indoor heating and cooking fuels | X | X | ||||
| Floor (story) and orientation of the main façade (North, South, East, West) | X | |||||
| Built environment | ||||||
| Neighborhood and community intervention status (recreational areas, equipment and sport facilities, improved lightning, streets, and sidewalks) | X | X | ||||
| Violence and incivilities in the neighborhood [51] | X | X | ||||
| Perceived neighborhood security (informant perceptions in several situations at the neighborhood) | X | |||||
| Neighborhood social relations | ||||||
| Community intervention status (participatory diagnoses, neighborhood organization and community centers). Perceptions about the intervention. | X | X | ||||
| Social capital and social cohesion between neighbors (trust, reciprocity, and conflicts) | X | |||||
| Satisfaction with the neighborhood. Villas’ history and perceptions about changes | X | X | ||||
| Health-related behaviors | ||||||
| Alcohol and drug use in recreational areas (number of visitors using drugs or consuming alcohol) | X | |||||
| Use of recreational areas: Number of courts and parks visitors by physical activity level (MB only), and courts and park visits (days a week) | X | X | ||||
| Outdoor time, physical activity (GPAQ [52]), sedentary behavior for adults (GPAQ) and screen-time for children [53] | X | |||||
| Active and passive smoking. Problematic alcohol consumption (AUDIT-dimension 1 [54]). Consumption of vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages. Daily mobility and active transport | X | |||||
| Health | ||||||
| Self-rated general health (7 points scale) | X | |||||
| Respiratory health (acute respiratory conditions, inhaler requirement, emergency department visits and hospitalizations) | X | |||||
| Gastrointestinal health (acute gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea), emergency department visits and hospitalizations | X | |||||
| Sleep complaints (frequency of problems falling asleep, sleep disruption and daytime sleepiness) | X | |||||
| Mental health (GHQ-12 [55, 56] for the informant and PHQ-2 [57] for other householders over 15) | X | |||||
| Nutritional status. Medically diagnosed non-communicable diseases. Infant development (items from Parent’s Evaluation of Developmental Status, PEDS [58]) and school repetency. Disability and limitations to activities of daily living (items taken from the Barthel index) [59] | X | |||||
| Sociodemographics and socioeconomic status | ||||||
| Gender and age | X | |||||
| Education and socioeconomic status (individual and household) | X | |||||
| Work and employment: labor force status, occupation, and employment precariousness (EPRES [60]) | X | |||||
aInformation is provided by the professionals from the ministry of housing in Viña del Mar (SEREMI) and Santiago de Chile (ERU)