Table 1.
Sample characteristics of the respondents by wave
| Baseline (2011) | Wave 2 (2013) | Wave 3 (2015) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 6575 | N = 6273 | N = 5836 | |
| Time-invariant characteristics | |||
| Gender | |||
| Men | 3268 (49.70) | 3123 (49.78) | 2874 (49.25) |
| Women | 3307 (50.30) | 3150 (50.22) | 2962 (50.75) |
| Educational attainment | |||
| Illiterate | 2420 (36.81) | 2320 (36.98) | 2145 (36.75) |
| Primary school | 2944 (44.78) | 2816 (44.89) | 2639 (45.22) |
| Middle school or above | 1211 (18.42) | 1137 (18.13) | 1052 (18.03) |
| Time-varying characteristics | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 67.97 (6.67) | 69.98 (6.66) | 71.54 (6.40) |
| Marital Status | |||
| Unmarried | 1630 (24.79) | 1671 (26.64) | 1671 (28.63) |
| Married | 4945 (75.21) | 4599 (73.31) | 4164 (71.35) |
| Missing | 0 (0.00) | 3 (0.05) | 1 (0.02) |
| Financial situation, mean (SD) | 7366.98 (13,482.04) | 7600.20 (17,186.05) | 6165.00 (28,279.95) |
| Currently working | |||
| Yes | 3495 (53.16) | 3134 (49.96) | 2763 (47.34) |
| No | 3053 (46.43) | 3060 (48.78) | 3023 (51.80) |
| Missing | 27 (0.41) | 79 (1.26) | 50 (0.86) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Yes | 2743 (41.72) | 2893 (46.12) | 2773 (47.52) |
| No | 3831 (58.27) | 3334 (53.15) | 3046 (52.19) |
| Missing | 1 (0.02) | 46 (0.74) | 50 (0.86) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Yes | 2001 (30.43) | 1871 (29.83) | 1763 (30.21) |
| No | 4571 (69.52) | 4344 (69.25) | 4052 (69.43) |
| Missing | 3 (0.05) | 58 (0.92) | 21 (0.36) |
| Multi-morbidity | |||
| No chronic condition | 1596 (24.27) | 1291 (20.58) | 728 (12.47) |
| One chronic condition | 1948 (29.63) | 1732 (27.61) | 1297 (22.22) |
| Multi-morbidity | 3031 (46.10) | 3250 (51.81) | 3811 (65.30) |
| Depression | |||
| Yes | 2495 (37.95) | 1791 (28.55) | 1947 (33.36) |
| No | 4080 (62.05) | 4482 (71.45) | 3889 (66.64) |
| Self-perceived health status | |||
| Very good, good | 1151 (17.51) | 1384 (22.06) | 1170 (20.05) |
| Fair, poor, or very poor | 5424 (82.49) | 4889 (77.94) | 4666 (79.95) |
| Physical activity | |||
| Yes | 2307 (35.09) | 1733 (27.63) | 2292 (39.27) |
| No | 331 (5.03) | 292 (4.65) | 391 (6.70) |
| Missing | 3937 (59.88) | 4248 (67.72) | 3153 (54.03) |
| Social engagement | |||
| Interaction with friends | |||
| Never | 4505 (68.52) | 4125 (65.76) | 4103 (70.31) |
| Not regularly | 530 (8.06) | 590 (9.41) | 528 (9.05) |
| Almost every week | 437 (6.65) | 397 (6.33) | 345 (5.91) |
| Almost daily | 1100 (16.73) | 1161 (18.51) | 860 (14.74) |
| Missing | 3 (0.05) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
| Hobby groups | |||
| Never | 5571 (84.73) | 5262 (83.88) | 4924 (84.37) |
| Not regularly | 298 (4.53) | 308 (4.91) | 305 (5.23) |
| Almost every week | 338 (5.14) | 306 (4.88) | 258 (4.42) |
| Almost daily | 368 (5.60) | 397 (6.33) | 349 (5.98) |
| Sports groups | |||
| Never | 6154 (93.60) | 5789 (92.28) | 5482 (93.93) |
| Not regularly | 57 (0.87) | 57 (0.91) | 52 (0.89) |
| Almost every week | 66 (1.00) | 61 (0.97) | 39 (0.67) |
| Almost daily | 298 (4.53) | 366 (5.83) | 263 (4.51) |
| Volunteer activities | |||
| Never | 6254 (95.12) | 5661 (90.24) | 5174 (88.66) |
| Not regularly | 221 (3.36) | 434 (6.92) | 485 (8.31) |
| Almost every week | 52 (0.79) | 116 (1.85) | 107 (1.83) |
| Almost daily | 48 (0.73) | 62 (0.99) | 70 (1.20) |
| Frailty index, mean (SD) | 18.65 (11.82) | 20.06 (12.66) | 23.05 (13.93) |