Table 1.
Recent publications, pediatric post-tracheostomy mortality
| Primary author, year | N | Design | Specific pediatric population | Risk factors for mortality | Mortality rate (timeframe) | Tracheostomy-related mortality rate (timeframe) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Watters, 2016 [16•] | 502 | Retrospective cohort | Medicaid pts < 16 y/o | Hispanic, younger age at tracheostomy | 9.0% (2 year) | - |
| Funamura, 2016 [9•] | 513 | Retrospective cohort | - | Older age, BPD, CHD, infection, neoplasia, chronic mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy prior to 2010 | 16.6% (indefinite) | 3.5% (indefinite) |
| Tsuboi, 2016 [10•] | 212 | Retrospective cohort | PICU patients, neurologically impaired vs intact | Neoplasia | 14% (1 year), 29% (5 year) | 1.9% (indefinite) |
| Dal’Astra, 2017* [17•] | 5933 | Meta-analysis, stratified by decade of publication | - | - | 10.6% (various) | 0.9% (various) |
| McPherson 2017 [18•] | 426 | Retrospective cohort | PICU patients | Acquired neurologic, congenital neurologic, and congenital respiratory comorbidities | 23% (indefinite) | - |
| Rizzi, 2017 [19•] | 29 | Case series | Severe OSA indicating tracheostomy | - | 0% (indefinite) | 0% (indefinite) |
| Prodhan, 2017 [12•] | 126 | Retrospective cohort | History of HLHS | - | 26% (indefinite) | - |
| Rawal, 2019 [20•] | 543 | Retrospective cohort | Stratified by weight at surgery (< 2.5 kg, 2.5–4 kg, > 4 kg) | - | 4.3% (30 day) | - |
| Han, 2020 [21•] | 3442 | Prospective cohort | Neonates with very low birthweight, stratified by birthweight | Birth weight < 750 g, male sex, CLD, neurologic comorbidity, cardiac comorbidity, chromosomal comorbidity | 18.5% (1 year in-hospital mortality rate) | - |
| Friesen, 2020 [3•] | 14,155 | Retrospective cohort | All pediatric patients in the PHIS database | Younger age, Asian, Northeast region, cardiac, hematologic, metabolic, urologic comorbidities, prematurity | 8.6% (pre-discharge mortality rate) | - |
Summary of mortality rates in studies published since 2016
*Data from the most recent era (2005–2014) are here reported. N, number of patients in the cited study; pts, patients; y/o, year old; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CHD, congenital heart disease; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; HLHS, hypoplastic left heart syndrome; kg, kilogram; CLD, congenital lung disease; PHIS, pediatric health information system