Table 1. Effect of Heating Rates on Key Thermal Parameters for RK (a) and TK (b) under Pyrolysis (N₂) and Gasification (CO₂)^a.

heating rate (K/min)	Tin (K)	Tpeak (K)	Rmax (mg/min)	ΔT1/2 (K)	Di (10–8 mg/ min-K3)	residual (%)
(a) RK
N2 (pyrolysis)
5	346.86	586.07	4.08	119.60	16.77	18.95
10	368.83	596.66	7.81	113.92	31.17	15.70
20	377.98	609.63	15.24	115.82	57.08	18.83
CO2 (gasification)
5	379.13	587.74	4.06	104.31	17.49	4.87
10	394.89	596.19	7.32	100.65	30.90	4.07
20	403.75	605.90	13.57	101.08	54.88	4.72
(b) TK
N2 (pyrolysis)
5	537.01	588.60	4.14	25.80	50.74	32.59
10	546.10	599.85	8.30	26.87	94.28	34.77
20	555.70	612.23	16.37	28.27	170.23	35.65
CO2 (gasification)
5	543.96	589.23	3.79	22.63	52.19	5.66
10	547.91	599.46	6.44	25.78	76.03	3.94
20	560.26	609.20	12.73	24.47	152.43	6.71

^aT_in, Initial devolatilization temperature at a conversion of 10%; T_peak, Maximum peak temperature; R_max, Maximum mass loss rate; ΔT_1/2, Temperature interval when R/R_max is 1/2; D_i, Devolatilization index.