Table 2.
Estimated Risk of Tuberculosis Outcomes by Diabetes Mellitus Status Among a Prospective Tuberculosis Cohort in Pune, India
| Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysisa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Rate (95% CI) | Ratiob (95% CI) | P Value | Ratiob (95% CI) | P Value |
| Composite unfavorable outcomec | |||||
| TB only (n = 574) | 20.0 (16.6–24.0) | Ref | Ref | ||
| TB-DM (n = 225) | 20.1 (14.6–27.0) | 1.01 (0.71–1.42) | >.95 | 1.13 (0.75–1.70) | 0.56 |
| HbA1c | – | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | .10 | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 0.31 |
| Treatment failure | |||||
| TB only (n = 574) | 21.8 (16.5–28.3) | Ref | Ref | ||
| TB-DM (n = 225) | 14.0 (7.4–23.8) | 0.56 (0.30–1.06) | .08 | 0.75 (0.36–1.58) | 0.46 |
| Recurrence | |||||
| TB only (n = 424) | 12.2 (8.7–16.5) | Ref | Ref | ||
| TB-DM (n = 159) | 7.5 (3.4–14.2) | 0.62 (0.30–1.27) | .19 | 0.73 (0.31–1.70) | 0.46 |
| Mortality | |||||
| TB only (n = 574) | 6.5 (4.7–8.8) | Ref | Ref | ||
| TB-DM (n = 225) | 9.9 (6.3–14.9) | 1.55 (0.93–2.59 | .09 | 1.54 (0.85–2.79) | 0.16 |
| 2-mo culture conversion | |||||
| TB only (n = 478) | 94.6 (92.5–96.6) | Ref | Ref | ||
| TB-DM (n = 184) | 96.2 (93.4–99.0) | 0.69 (0.29–1.61) | .39 | 0.56 (0.20–1.57) | 0.27 |
| Median time to culture conversion (IQR), d | |||||
| TB only (n = 453) | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) | Ref | Ref | ||
| TB-DM (n = 166) | 2.5 (2.1–2.9) | 1.18 (0.98–1.43) | .08 | 1.15 (0.89–1.48) | 0.29 |
Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; IQR, interquartile range; TB, tuberculosis.
aAdjusted for sex, age, household income, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, daily vs intermittent TB regimen, and smear grade.
bMeasure of association: relative risk (composite unfavorable treatment outcome); odds ratio (treatment failure); hazard ratio (recurrence, mortality, 2-month culture conversion).
cDefined as treatment failure, recurrence, or all-cause mortality.