Table 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristics by diagnosis
| IASA (n = 28) | HD (n = 53) | FC (n = 111) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 15 (54%) | 38 (71%) | 73 (66%) |
| Medical history | |||
| Prematurity <37 weeks, n/N (%) | 6/26 (23%) | 7/48 (15%) | 25/104 (24%) |
| Extreme (<28 weeks), n/N (%) | 2/26 (7.7%) | 0/48 (0%) | 4/104 (3.8%) |
| Very preterm (28‐32 weeks), n/N (%) | 2/26 (7.7%) | 0/48 (0%) | 4/104 (3.8%) |
| Moderate preterm (32‐37 weeks), n/N (%) | 2/26 (7.7%) | 7/48 (15%) | 17/104 (16%) |
| Trisomy 21, n (%) | 2 (7.1%) | 6 (11%) | 0 (0%) |
| Spinal cord disorder, n (%) | 1 (3.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) |
| Developmental delay, n (%) | 7 (25%) | 5 (9.4%) | 21 (19%) |
| Behavioral disorders, n (%) | 5 (17%) | 6 (11%) | 39 (35%) |
| Autism, n (%) | 4 (14%) | 3 (5.7%) | 8 (7.1%) |
| Symptom history | |||
| Age at start symptoms in years, median (IQR) | 0 (0‐0) | 0 (0‐0)* | 2 (0‐4)* |
| Meconium <24 hours, n (%) | 6 (33%) | 2 (5%) | 14 (31%) |
| Meconium >48 hours, n (%) | 1 (5.6%) | 30 (75%)** | 4 (9.1%) |
| Previous admissions for clean‐out, n (%) | 15 (52%) | n/a | 24 (21%) |
| Age at diagnosis in years, median (IQR) | 6 (4‐12) | 0 (0‐0)*** | n/a |
| Symptoms at time of ARM | |||
| Constipation, n (%) | 28 (100%) | 29 (55%) | 108 (97%) |
| Fecal incontinence, n (%) | 13 (68%) | 44 (88%) | 70 (75%) |
| Treatment at time of ARM | |||
| No medication, n (%) | 3 (11%) | 12 (23%) | 8 (7.2%) |
| Oral laxatives, n (%) | 24 (86%) | 22 (42%) | 92 (83%) |
| Rectal suppositories, n (%) | 5 (18%) | 7 (13%) | 8 (7.2%) |
| Rectal enemas, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7.5%) | 4 (3.6%) |
| Antegrade continence enemas, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (9.4%) | 10 (9.0%) |
| Loperamide, n (%) | 1 (3.6%) | 8 (15%) | 1 (0.9%) |
| Anal sphincter botulinum toxin injections, n (%) | 2 (7.1%) | 10 (20%) | 2 (1.8%) |
Abbreviations: ARM, anorectal manometry; FC, functional constipation; HD, Hirschsprung Disease; IASA, internal anal sphincter achalasia.
*
Denotes P‐value <0.05 when compared to IASA; **P‐value <0.01, ***P‐value <0.001.