TABLE 3.
Included study list with their characteristics
| First author | Study year | Country | Characteristics of the sample | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | Age | Male | Skin phototypes | Ethnicity | History of skin cancer | Previous history of AK and treatment | Areas treated | Dimension of areas treated | |||
| Augustin et al. | 2015 | USA, Australia | 1005 patients | 65.1 y (34‐89 y) | 74,70% | Majority with I and II phototypes | White/Caucasian (100%) | From 44.4% to 53.5% | Small percentage had been treated with imiquimod and topical fluorouracil (19.3% to 24.1%) | Face (43.8%), scalp (10.6%), arm (29.0%), back of hand (10.9%), chest (2.5%), leg (1.9%), back (0.7%), shoulder (0.6%) | NR |
| Berman et al. | 2017 | USA | 188 patients from an initial list of 253 patients | From 64.0 y to 67.7 | From 62.9% to 98.4% (depending on the group – based on the anatomical location depending on the group ‐ based on the anatomical location | I (from 7.9% to 19.4%), II (from 39.7% to 58.1%), III (from 19.4% to 47.6%), IV (from 3.2% to 4.8%) | From 98.4% to 100.0% (depending on the group – based on the anatomical location) | From 32.3% to 38.1% for NMSC | From 76.2% to 90.3% | Face/chest (33.5%), scalp (33.5%) and trunk or extremities (33.0%) | NR |
| Emilio et al. | 2016 | USA | 28 patients, totaling 83 AK lesions | ≥65 y | 100% | NR | White/Caucasian (100%) | NR | NR | Face | 25 cm2 contiguous |
| Gameiro et al. | 2019 | Brazil | 37 patients, totaling 68 AK lesions | 68.81 ± 7.72 y (49‐85 y) | 51,35% | II (64.86%) and III (24.30%) | Caucasian (97.30%) | 48,65% | 54,05% | Nasal (33.82%), forehead (27.94%), malar (23.53%), scalp (14.70%) | 91.18% (larger than 5 per 25 cm2 skin area) |
| Hanke et al. | 2020 | USA, Canada, Australia | 729 patients | Ingenol mebutate group = 68.0 y (38‐91) and Vehicle group = 69.0 y(45‐91) | 73,40% | I (18.9%), II (49.2), III (27.4%), IV (4.3%), V (0.1%) | Not Hispanic or Latino (99.6%), Hispanic or Latino (0.4%) | NR | NR | Face, Scalp and chest | Full scalp, full face, chest (250 cm2) |
| Jubert‐Esteve et al. | 2015 | Spain | 19 patients | 76.2 ± 7.7 y | 89,50% | II (63.2%), III (21.1%), IV (15.8%) | NR | 57.9% for NMSC | 68.4% | Face (47.2%), scalp (42.1%), dorsum of hands (5.3%), forearm (5.3%) | 97.0 ± 81.1 cm2 |
| Neri et al. | 2019 | Italy | 1136 patients | From 71.7 y to 73.8 y | 73,20% | III (15.1%) | NR | NR | NR | Arm (4‐4.1%), trunk (4.7‐9.2%), face (23‐42.5%), scalp (47.3‐60.3%) | NR |
| Norrlid et al. | 2018 | Denmark, Sweden | 446 patients | 69.9 ± 9.0 y | 56% (from 50%t o 73%, based on the pharmacological group) | I (17%), II (68%), III (14%), and 1 (IV) | NR | SCC (7%), BCC (35%), melanoma (5%) | 75% (treated in 74% of patients) | Face (70%), scalp (22%), trunk (4%), extremities (4%) | 23.8 ± 34.6 cm2 |
| Platsidaki et al. | 2020 | Greece | 440 patients | 73.5 y (NR SD) | 65,90% | I (7.3%), II (44.8%), III (39.3%), IV (8.0%), V (0.7%) | NR | NR | 35.9% had previous AK treatment: prevalently with imiquimod, surgical/curettage and cry/liquid nitrogen | Unknown in 27.1%, and prevalently on face (36.7%) and scalp (16.1%) | NR |
| Schlaak et al. | 2010 | Germany | 15 patients | >70 | 94% | NR | NR | NR | NR | Face/Head | NR |
| Segatto et al. | 2013 | Brazil | 31 patients | 74.4 ± 8.31(Diclofenac sodium) and 71.54 ± 8.60 (Fluorouracil) | 46,40% | I (39.2%), II (50.0%), III (10.7%) | NR | 15 (48.4) had a previous skin cancer not specified in the manuscript | NR | Face, Scalp and Back of the hands | NR |
| Stockfleth et al. | 2017 | Germany and UK | 166 patients | 72.2 ± 7.1 y | 87,70% | I (8.6%), II (80.4%), III (10.4%), IV (0.6%) | White / Caucasian (100.0%) | NR | NR | Scalp (45.2%), Face/forehead (54.8%) | 25 cm2 |
| Strydom et al. | 2018 | New Zealand | 75 patients out of an initial list of 100 patients | 66 y (29‐88 y) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Face | 100 cm2 |
| Waalboer‐Spuij et al. | 2015 | Netherlands | 118 patients | 67 ± 10 y | 58% | NR | NR | Melanoma (5%), BCC (36%), SCC (11%), other skin malignancies | 67% | Face/head/neck (66%), scalp (20%), torso (14%), arms (16%), legs (3%) | NR |