Table 4.
Injury severity and distribution
| Parameter | n (%)/mean±SD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | P | |
| Total enrolled patients | 157 | 233 | 307 | |
| PAC at triage* | ||||
| 1 | 3 (1.9) | 4 (1.7) | 11 (3.6) | 0.33 |
| 2 | 24 (15.3) | 33 (14.2) | 68 (22.1) | 0.03 |
| 3 or 4 | 130 (82.8) | 196 (84.1) | 228 (74.3) | 0.01 |
| Mean ISS | 2.1±2.9 | 2.9±4.0 | 2.7±2.6 | 0.037 |
| Median (range) ISS | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| ISS tier | ||||
| 1 (>15) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (1.7) | 1 (0.3) | 0.21 |
| 2 (9-15) | 3 (1.9) | 8 (3.4) | 17 (5.6) | 0.15 |
| 3 (<9) | 153 (97.5) | 221 (94.9) | 289 (94.1) | 0.28 |
| Probability of survival (%) | ||||
| Mean | 99.5±0.5 | 99.1±5.9 | 99.5±0.6 | 0.279 |
| Median | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.7 | |
| Site of injury+ | ||||
| Head | 4 (2.5) | 15 (6.4) | 11 (3.6) | 0.13 |
| Face | 9 (5.7) | 16 (6.9) | 23 (7.5) | 0.78 |
| Thorax | 3 (1.9) | 6 (2.6) | 8 (2.6) | 0.89 |
| Abdomen | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 0.89 |
| Pelvis | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.4) | 0 | |
| Spine/spinal column | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 0.03 |
| Upper limb | 37 (23.6) | 60 (25.8) | 90 (29.3) | 0.38 |
| Lower limb | 22 (14.0) | 20 (8.6) | 43 (14.0) | 0.12 |
| External | 115 (73.2) | 204 (87.6) | 253 (82.4) | <0.01 |
*As defined by the Ministry of Health, Singapore. +The percentages do not add up to 100% because one patient may not have more than one region of injuries. ISS: Injury severity score, PAC: Patient acuity category, SD: Standard deviation