Table 1.
Description of production systems, chicken types, diagnostic methods, number of studies across continents and their corresponding helminth prevalence rates.
| Study characteristics | Number of studies |
Sample size |
Prevalence distribution |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | Asia | Europe | North America | Mean ± SD | Range | Prevalence range (%) | Mean ± SD | Quartile (1st, 2nd, 3rd) | ||
| Production system | Backyard | 71 | 47 | 4 | 0 | 268 ± 368.8 | 75-3,773 | 4.39-100 | 73.6 ± 24.0 | 58.7, 81.5, 92.5 |
| Free range | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 447 ± 295.8 | 60-907 | 24.0-100 | 78.4 ± 20.8 | 58.3, 81.5, 99.2 | |
| Deep litter | 19 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 457 ± 802.5 | 45-3,100 | 1.0-98.9 | 43.4 ± 25.9 | 25.4, 36.6, 58.7 | |
| Cage | 5 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 401 ± 976.9 | 58-500 | 0-80.0 | 20.8 ± 25.9 | 3.0, 11.0, 31.7 | |
| Chicken type | Broiler | 11 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 509 ± 832.1 | 90-3,542 | 0-98.9 | 39.1 ± 32.7 | 12.1, 33.2, 63.5 |
| Layer | 11 | 9 | 15 | 0 | 347 ± 375.7 | 65-1,996 | 4.0-100 | 54.5 ± 30.5 | 26.5, 57.7, 75.4 | |
| Indigenous chicken | 70 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 228 ± 186.2 | 75-889 | 4.39-100 | 72.7 ± 24.8 | 58.3, 81.0, 92.2 | |
| Diagnostic method | Postmortem examination | 69 | 56 | 14 | 2 | 294 ± 347.1 | 55-3,100 | 4.0-100 | 70.6 ± 26.3 | 52.4, 75.6, 92.5 |
| Simple flotation technique | 20 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 424 ± 625.8 | 50-3,773 | 7.43-100 | 56.2 ± 24.7 | 40.3, 58.3, 76.7 | |
| McMaster technique | 6 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 515 ± 527.2 | 70-1,996 | 7.8-99.2 | 56.5 ± 26.2 | 38.3, 56, 72.3 | |