Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of overall yearly rate of change in CIMT (μm/year) from childhood (age 10–11 years) to adulthood (age 21–22 years) by participant characteristics (N = 70)
| N (%) | Mean Rate of Change CIMT (μm/year) | SD | p-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.62 | |||
| Male | 29 (41.4) | 1.45 | 4.92 | |
| Female | 41 (58.6) | 2.18 | 6.50 | |
| Race | 0.60 | |||
| White | 44 (62.9) | 1.73 | 3.48 | |
| More than one race | 14 (20.0) | 1.30 | 4.05 | |
| Otherb | 5 (7.1) | 5.31 | 18.35 | |
| Unknown/not reported | 7 (10.0) | 1.50 | 6.17 | |
| Ethnicity | 0.26 | |||
| Hispanic | 38 (54.3) | 1.04 | 4.29 | |
| Non-Hispanic | 30 (42.8) | 3.14 | 7.24 | |
| Unknown/not reported | 2 (2.9) | −1.14 | 9.15 | |
| Parental Educational Attainment | 0.34 | |||
| High school or less | 18 (25.7) | 0.32 | 5.24 | |
| Some college or technical school | 21 (30.0) | 1.72 | 3.83 | |
| Completed college or more | 31 (44.3) | 2.89 | 7.16 | |
| BMI category - child measurement | 0.01 | |||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 5 (7.1) | 1.25 | 5.42 | |
| Normal (18.5 to < 25) | 44 (62.9) | 1.51 | 4.02 | |
| Overweight (25 to < 30) | 14 (20.0) | 0.02 | 3.55 | |
| Obese (≥30) | 7 (10.0) | 8.35 | 13.21 | |
| BMI category - adult measurement | 0.01 | |||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 3 (4.3) | 2.74 | 1.32 | |
| Normal (18.5 to < 25) | 42 (60.0) | 1.05 | 4.29 | |
| Overweight (25 to < 30) | 18 (25.7) | 1.08 | 3.95 | |
| Obese (≥30) | 7 (10.0) | 8.50 | 12.91 | |
| Change in BMI category | 0.27 | |||
| Underweight/normal - no change | 40 (57.1) | 1.47 | 4.16 | |
| Overweight/obese - no change | 16 (22.9) | 4.09 | 9.54 | |
| Underweight/normal to overweight/obese | 9 (12.9) | 1.51 | 4.16 | |
| Overweight/obese to underweight/normal | 5 (7.1) | −1.33 | 3.79 | |
| Change Direction in BMI Category | 0.37 | |||
| Decrease | 10 (14.2) | −0.10 | 3.70 | |
| No change | 44 (62.9) | 2.59 | 6.68 | |
| Increase | 16 (22.9) | 1.15 | 4.20 | |
| Child Systolic Blood Pressure | 0.14 | |||
| Below 75th percentile (< 106 mmHg) | 52 (74.3) | 1.27 | 3.91 | |
| Above 75th percentile (≥106 mmHg) | 18 (25.7) | 3.62 | 9.46 | |
| Adult Systolic Blood Pressure | 0.59 | |||
| Below 75th percentile (< 111 mmHg) | 51 (67.9) | 1.65 | 6.20 | |
| Above 75th percentile (≥111 mmHg) | 19 (27.1) | 2.50 | 4.95 | |
| Change in Systolic Blood Pressure | 0.42 | |||
| Below 75th percentile (< 8.7 mmHg change) | 42 (60.0) | 1.41 | 6.62 | |
| Above 75th percentile (≥8.7 mmHg change) | 28 (40.0) | 2.57 | 4.53 | |
| Smoking status | 0.14 | |||
| Never smoked | 45 (64.3) | 2.88 | 6.61 | |
| Smoked but not in past 12 months | 15 (21.4) | 0.59 | 4.12 | |
| Smoked in past 12 months | 10 (14.3) | −0.69 | 2.96 | |
| Any family history of CV eventsc | 0.19 | |||
| No | 27 (38.6) | 0.85 | 3.87 | |
| Yes | 43 (61.4) | 2.52 | 6.79 |
aAs determined by t-test or one-way ANOVA; bold values represent p < 0.05
bOther includes Asian, Pacific Islander, Alaska Native and American Indian
cEvents include hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), hypertension (high blood pressure), stroke, coronary artery disease, and/or any other heart disease for any biological family members