Table 3.
Estimates of association between ambient and traffic-related air pollutants and rate of change in CIMT (μm) per year from childhood to adulthood, adjusted for personal smoking, adult BMI and parental education (N = 70)
| Estimate (95% CI) per 1 SD increase in exposurea | P-value | |
|---|---|---|
| Ambient Pollutants (monthly average) | ||
| Daily 8-h max O3 concentration (ppb) | −1.02 (− 2.41, 0.36) | 0.14 |
| 24-h average PM2.5 concentration (μg/m3) | − 0.40 (− 1.75, 0.96) | 0.56 |
| 24-h average PM10 concentration (μg/m3) | −0.51 (− 1.85, 0.85) | 0.46 |
| 24-h average NO2 concentration (μg/m3) | 0.17 (−1.19, 1.53) | 0.81 |
| Local Traffic-Related Pollutants/Measures | ||
| Total NOx (ppb) | 2.17 (0.78, 3.56) | 0.003 |
| Freeway NOx (ppb) | 2.24 (0.84, 3.63) | 0.002 |
| Non-Freeway NOx (ppb) | 0.60 (−0.78, 1.98) | 0.39 |
| Traffic Density (within 300 m buffer) | 2.11 (0.79, 3.43) | 0.002 |
aEstimates are each scaled to represent yearly change in CIMT relative to a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in childhood exposure to the corresponding pollutant