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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Eur Respir J. 2019 May 18;53(5):1702553. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02553-2017

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Up-regulation of BMP4 in the human airway epithelium of asymptomatic smokers and COPD smokers. A. RNA-seq (fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads, FPKM) assessment of BMP4 expression in human airway epithelium of nonsmokers (blue, n=10), asymptomatic smokers (yellow, n=10) and COPD smokers (red, n=9). B. TaqMan quantitative PCR normalized BMP4 gene expression in human airway epithelium of nonsmokers (blue, n=8), asymptomatic smokers (yellow, n=8) and COPD smokers (red, n=10). C. BMP4 protein expression in the human airway epithelium. Shown is BMP4 immunohistochemistry staining (left panel) and immunofluorescence co-localization (right panel) of BMP4 (red) and ciliated cell marker β-tubulin (green) in the human airway epithelium of nonsmokers (top), asymptomatic smokers (middle) and COPD smokers (bottom). Scale bar - 20 μm. Nuclei are stained with DAPI (blue). D. Distribution (% of total airway epithelial cells) of BMP4+ cells in ciliated, intermediate, basal and secretory cells based on immunohistochemistry staining on the asymptomatic smokers (n=6) and COPD (n=6) smokers (based on assessment of a total of 444 cells from 12 different samples). No secretory cells expressed BMP4. p values are indicated in the figure, n.s. - not significant.