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. 2021 Apr 15;60(6):4361–4386. doi: 10.1007/s10943-021-01240-7

Table 2.

Psychometric properties of subscales of depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21), and psychological well-being scale (PWS-42) (N = 60)

Variables k a M (SD) Range Skew Kurt
Potential Actual
Pre-test depression 7 .65 6.51 (3.77) 0–21 0–16 .42 − .46
Post-test depression 7 .68 2.30 (2.43) 0–21 0–14 .48 − .58
Pre-test anxiety 7 .47 6.06 (3.10) 0–21 0–14 1.16 3.59
Post-test anxiety 7 .54 2.43 (2.54) 0–21 0–10 1.20 1.12
Pre-test stress 7 .81 8.18 (4.65) 0–21 2–18 .48 − 1.18
Post-test stress 7 .73 2.85 (2.95) 0–21 0–14 1.88 2.01
Pre-test PWB 42 .87 147.41 (15.95) 0–252 123–222 .17 − .50
Post-test PWB 42 .75 171.86 (24.38) 0–252 122–211 .09 .57
Religiosity scale 5 .78 15.08 (3.30) 0–25 7–19 − .86 − .17

M   Mean, SD  standard deviation, PWB  psychological well-being