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. 2021 Apr 14;16:25. doi: 10.1186/s13024-021-00442-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 10 — Expression of AIF3 increased chromatin condensation and nuclear shrinkage. a Immunostaining of Flag-tagged AIF and AIF3 and their colocalization with endogenous AIF in cortical neurons. OE, overexpression. Scale bar, 20 μm. b Immunostaining of Flag-tagged AIF and AIF3, endogenous AIF, and mitotracker (mito) in MEFs. OE, overexpression. Scale bar, 20 μm. Representative images are from at least three independent experiments. c Representative AIF3/AIF localization changes in the cortex of AIF3 splicing mice (AIF^fl/Y/CamKIIα-iCre+) and littermate control (AIF^fl/Y/CamKIIα-iCre-) AIF mice at P20, P60 and P90. Scale bar, 50 μm. d High magnification images for highlighted areas in b. i, ii, iii, AIF mice at P20, P60 and P90 respectively, and i’, ii”, iii”, AIF3 splicing mice at P20, P60 and P90 respectively. Scale bar, 50 μm. e, Representative images of nuclei of neurons in the cortex and cerebellum of AIF3 splicing mice (AIF^fl/Y/CamKIIα-iCre+) and littermate control AIF mice (AIF^fl/Y/CamKIIα-iCre-) by electron microscopy. f & g Quantification of nuclear shrinkage of neurons in the forebrain (f) and cerebellum (g) of AIF3 splicing mice and their littermate control AIF mice. Data are shown as mean. n = 4. Representative images are from at least three independent experiments