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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 15.
Published in final edited form as: Psicol Educ (Madr). 2017 May 25;24(1):14–25. doi: 10.5093/psed2018a3

Table 5.

User-Defined Estimands Testing Indirect Effects of Executive Functioning Problems

Executive Functioning Problems → B Estimates
Daily Self-reported Smartphone use → Course PerformanceTotal Points −0.18 (SE = 0.79)
Daily Smartphone App-reported use → Course Performance Total Points −0.00 (SE = 0.72)
Studying Attention (15 minutes task) → Course Performance Total Points −4.87* (SE = 2.78)
Multitasking Preference → Course Performance Total Points −0.46 (SE = 1.65)
Control of Focus Toward Lecture → Course Performance Total Points −7.32 (SE = 4.90)
Control of When to Use Mobile Phone During Lecture → Course Performance Total Points −0.46 (SE = 1.66)
Attitudes Toward Using Mobile Phone During Lecture → Course Performance Total Points 1.04 (SE = 1.69)
Availability of Strategies of When to Use Mobile 3.56* (SE = 2.53)
*

p < .05