Table 5.

Pipeline for Data Augmentation on CXR. For each independent parameter, we trained ResNet-18 on COVIDcxr for 30 epochs to examine the effects of various transformers on COVID-19 CXR classification.

Independent Parameter	Resize		Rotate	Zoom	Wrap	Light	Extra	(%)
	Size	Method						Acc	AUC	F1
Resize	224*224	crop	0	0	0	0	none	78.12	90.84	78.04
		pad						79.68	90.66	79.39
		squish						74.47	88.63	74.47
	256*256	crop						79.16	92.12	79.12
		pad						76.04	90.62	75.55
		squish						78.12	90.15	78.22
	480*480	crop						80.72	94.42	80.65
		pad						82.81	94.67	82.86
		squish						83.85	94.14	83.95
	512*512	crop						80.72	93.35	80.78
		pad						78.64	93.22	78.62
		squish						77.08	92.67	77.22
Rotate	480*480	squish	0	0	0	0	none	83.85	94.14	83.95
			10					85.93	95.73	85.95
			20					86.45	96.48	86.56
			30					86.45	95.97	86.58
			50					84.89	95.72	85.03
Zoom	480*480	squish	0	1	0	0	none	83.85	94.14	83.95
				1.2				85.41	95.86	85.48
				1.3				82.29	95.77	82.37
				1.4				84.37	95.60	84.45
				1.5				81.25	95.29	81.21
Warp	480*480	squish	0	0	0	0	none	83.85	94.14	83.95
					0.1			84.37	95.36	84.42
					0.2			85.41	96.33	85.50
					0.3			84.89	96.34	84.94
Lighting	480*480	squish	0	0	0	0	none	83.85	94.14	83.95
						0.1		81.77	93.12	81.93
						0.2		83.85	94.34	83.91
						0.3		85.41	95.10	85.46
						0.4		82.81	95.34	82.97
						0.5		84.37	95.89	84.46
Flip (dihedral)	480*480	squish	0	0	0	0	flip	83.85	95.69	83.81
Mixup (0.4)							mixup	83.33	94.88	83.29
Erasing (random)							erase	80.72	94.11	80.91
Normalize (imagenet)							norm	83.85	94.14	83.95
Multiple Param (pipline)	480*480	squish	20	1.2	0.2	0.3	flip	81.77	95.70	81.69
	480*480	squish	20	1.2	0.2	0.3	mixup	82.81	95.86	82.48
	480*480	squish	20	1.2	0.2	0.3	flip, norm	81.77	95.70	81.69
	480*480	squish	20	1.2	0.2	0.3	norm	88.02	96.20	88.14