TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics and outcome of patient admissions for sepsis stratified by prothrombin time on admission
| Normal PT | Slightly prolonged PT | Intermediately prolonged PT | Extremely prolonged PT | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT ≤ 12.7 s | 12.8 ≤ PT ≤ 15.0 s | 15.1 ≤ PT ≤ 17.2 s | PT ≥ 17.3 s | ||
| Patients | 375 | 362 | 367 | 367 | |
| Admissions | 386 | 379 | 383 | 376 | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 59.2 (16.0) | 56.4 (16.7) | 60.0 (15.4) b | 61.2 (14.9) b | <.001 |
| Race, white, n (%) | 308 (82.1%) | 318 (87.8%) | 342 (93.2%) a | 340 (92.6%) a | <.001 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 237 (63.2%) | 215 (59.4%) | 237 (64.6%) | 224 (61.0%) | .48 |
| Medical admission, n (%) | 292 (75.6%) | 280 (73.9%) | 276 (72.1%) | 281 (74.7%) | .06 |
| Chronic comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| None | 143 (38.1%) | 113 (31.2%) | 90 (24.5%) a | 87 (23.7%) a | <.001 |
| Cardiovascular compromise | 81 (21.6%) | 58 (16.0%) | 77 (21.0%) | 93 (25.3%) b | .02 |
| COPD | 62 (16.5%) | 45 (12.4%) | 56 (15.3%) | 43 (11.7%) | .19 |
| Diabetes | 65 (17.3%) | 63 (17.4%) | 76 (20.7%) | 78 (21.3%) | .39 |
| Hypertension | 96 (25.6%) | 92 (25.4%) | 128 (34.9%) a , b | 108 (29.4%) | .02 |
| Immunocompromise | 64 (17.1%) | 84 (23.2%) | 80 (21.8%) | 97 (26.4%) a | .02 |
| Malignancy | 49 (13.1%) | 90 (24.9%) a | 109 (29.7%) a | 115 (31.3%) a , b | <.001 |
| Renal insufficiency | 32 (8.5%) | 32 (8.8%) | 35 (9.5%) | 66 (18.0%) a , b , c | <.001 |
| Respiratory insufficiency | 73 (19.5%) | 65 (18.0%) | 63 (17.2%) | 56 (15.3%) | .49 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 4 [2–5] | 4 [2–5] | 4 [3–6] b | 4 [2–6] a , b | <.001 |
| Severity of disease on ICU admission | |||||
| APACHE IV Score, median [IQR] | 64 [51–82] | 71 [55–90] a | 77 [62–94] a , b | 91 [71–114] a , b , c | <.0001 |
| APACHE APS median [IQR] | 53 [38–70] | 60 [45–76] a | 64 [50–79] a , b | 76 [59–97] a , b , c | <.0001 |
| SOFA score, median [IQR] | 6 [4–8] | 5 [3–8] | 6 [4–8] | 8 [6–10] a , b , c | <.0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 270 (69.9%) | 287 (75.7%) | 294 (76.8%) | 298 (79.3%) a , b | .02 |
| Shock, n (%) | 55 (14.2%) | 64 (16.9%) | 85 (22.2%) a | 154 (41.0%) a , b , c | <.001 |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 114 (29.5%) | 101 (26.6%) | 111 (29.0%) | 191 (50.8%) a , b , c | <.001 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome, n (%) | 93 (24.1%) | 73 (19.3%) | 91 (23.8%) | 98 (26.1%) | .15 |
| Source of infection, n (%) | |||||
| Pulmonary | 221 (57.3%) | 195 (51.5%) | 195 (50.9%) | 140 (37.2%) a , b , c | <.001 |
| Abdominal | 37 (9.6%) | 50 (13.2%) | 74 (19.3%) a | 104 (27.7%) a , b , c | <.001 |
| Urinary tract | 31 (8.0%) | 21 (5.5%) | 24 (6.3%) | 35 (9.3%) | .19 |
| Cardiovascular infection | 7 (1.8%) | 10 (2.6%) | 9 (2.3%) | 20 (5.3%) a | .02 |
| CNS | 33 (8.5%) | 33 (8.7%) | 22 (5.7%) | 8 (2.1%) a , b | <.001 |
| Skin | 6 (1.6%) | 8 (2.1%) | 4 (1.0%) | 16 (4.3%) c | .02 |
| Other | 51 (13.2%) | 62 (16.4%) | 55 (14.4%) | 53 (14.1%) | .63 |
| Causative pathogens, n (%) | |||||
| Gram‐positive bacteria | 128 (33.2%) | 132 (36.5%) | 170 (46.3%) a , b | 177 (48.2%) a , b | <.001 |
| Gram‐negative bacteria | 149 (38.6%) | 156 (41.2%) | 172 (44.9%) | 196 (52.1%) a , b | .001 |
| Fungi | 30 (7.7%) | 35 (9.2%) | 36 (10.4%) | 29 (7.7%) | .75 |
| Viruses | 14 (3.6%) | 30 (7.9%) a | 15 (3.9%) | 17 (4.5%) | .02 |
| Other | 17 (4.4%) | 19 (5.0%) | 32 (8.4%) | 21 (5.6%) | .24 |
| Unknown | 178 (46.7%) | 165 (43.5%) | 175 (45.7%) | 147 (39.1%) | .18 |
| Outcome | |||||
| Length of stay, median days [IQR] | 3 [2–7] | 3 [2–7] | 4 [2–8] | 5 [2–10] a , b , c | <.001 |
| ICU‐acquired complications, n (%) | |||||
| None | 338 (87.6%) | 345 (91.0%) | 335 (87.5%) | 308 (81.9%) b | <.01 |
| Acute kidney injury | 31 (8.0%) | 18 (4.7%) | 22 (5.7%) | 26 (6.9%) | .26 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 10 (2.6%) | 7 (1.8%) | 21 (5.5%) b | 14 (3.7%) | .03 |
| ICU‐acquired infection | 9 (6.0%) | 28 (5.7%) | 34 (7.0%) | 49 (10.3%) b | .04 |
| Mortality, n (%) | |||||
| ICU mortality | 32 (8.3%) | 51 (13.5%) | 47 (12.3%) | 96 (25.5%) a , b , c | <.001 |
| Hospital mortality | 67 (17.9%) | 88 (24.3%) | 73 (19.9%) | 132 (36.0%) a , b , c | <.001 |
| 30‐day mortality | 62 (16.5%) | 78 (21.5%) | 62 (16.9%) | 121 (33.0%) a , b , c | <.001 |
| 90‐day mortality | 82 (21.9%) | 102 (28.2%) | 95 (25.9%) | 154 (42.0%) a , b , c | <.001 |
| 1‐year mortality | 113 (30.1%) | 132 (36.5%) | 133 (36.2%) | 186 (50.7%) a , b , c | <.001 |
Age, race, gender, and chronic comorbidities are provided for unique patients, all other variables are provided for each admission.
In 57 (14.8%) infectious events in normal PT, 61 (16.1%) in slightly prolonged PT, 82 (21.4%) in intermediately prolonged PT, and 75 (19.9%) extremely prolonged PT multiple pathogens were assigned as causative (p = .05).
Mortality, except for ICU mortality, is given for unique patients, all other variables are given for every admission.
Abbreviations: APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; APS, Acute Physiology Score; CNS, central nervous system; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile ratio; PT, prothrombin time; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
Significant versus normal PT using a Dunn's test of multiple comparisons using rank sums for nonparametric continues variables, a Tuckey test for parametric continues variables and a Bonferroni correction for categorical variables.
Significant versus slightly prolonged PT using a Dunn's test of multiple comparisons using rank sums for nonparametric continues variables, a Tuckey test for parametric continues variables and a Bonferroni correction for categorical variables.
Significant versus intermediately prolonged PT using a Dunn's test of multiple comparisons using rank sums for nonparametric continues variables, a Tukey test for parametric continuos variables, and a Bonferroni correction for categorical variables.