Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of older adults participating in lifestyle interventions at the Amsterdam Nutritional Assessment Center
| Total study population (n = 498) | MPS* (n = 75) | WelPrex * (n = 93) | PROBE * (n = 119) | VITAMIN* (n = 211) | P‐value † | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD/% | Range ‡ | Mean ± SD/% | Mean ± SD/% | Mean ± SD/% | Mean ± SD/% | ||
| Age (years) | 67.7 ± 7.3 | 55–91 | 63 ± 6 | 63 ± 5 | 67 ± 6 | 72 ± 6 | <0.001 |
| % females | 58.2% | 60.0% | 62.4% | 33.6% | 69.7% | <0.001 | |
| Body weight (kg) | 86.9 ± 18.5 | 46.0–146.3 | 95.4 ± 13.9 | 92.3 ± 14.5 | 100.6 ± 15.7 | 73.7 ± 13.9 | <0.001 |
| Height (m) | 1.70 ± 0.09 | 1.50–1.94 | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 1.69 ± 0.09 | 1.73 ± 0.09 | 1.68 ± 0.09 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 30.0 ± 5.6 | 17.5–54.6 | 33.2 ± 4.4 | 32.1 ± 4.3 | 33.6 ± 4.4 | 25.9 ± 4.2 | <0.001 |
| % Overweight § | 30.3% | 24.0% | 33.3% | 18.5% | 37.9% | 0.001 | |
| % Obese § | 48.8% | 76.0% | 65.6% | 81.5% | 13.3% | <0.001 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 103 ± 15 ¶ | 66–146 | 111 ± 11 | 108 ± 12 †† | 115 ± 10 ‡‡ | 90 ± 11 | <0.001 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 51.5 ± 11.9 ¶ | 28.2–85.3 | 54.0 ± 10.8** | 52.4 ± 12.1 †† | 58.5 ± 11.0 | 46.0 ± 10.0 §§ | <0.001 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 35.2 ± 12.2 ¶ | 9.5–91.3 | 41.1 ± 10.9** | 39.8 ± 9.8 †† | 40.6 ± 11.6 | 27.7 ± 10.0 §§ | <0.001 |
| Body fat percentage (%) | 40.0 ± 9.1 ¶ | 12.6–66.1 | 43.1 ± 8.6** | 43.3 ± 8.4 †† | 40.2 ± 8.2 | 37.2 ± 9.3 §§ | <0.001 |
| % Smoking | 7.3% ¶ | 9.5%** | 8.6% | 10.1% | 4.3% §§ | 0.180 | |
The four lifestyle interventions with trial register numbers are the MPS (Muscle Preservation Study): NL2623; the WelPrex (Weight Loss with Protein and Exercise) study: NL4434; the PROBE (protein and lifestyle intervention to preserve muscle mass in obese older type 2 diabetes patients) study: NL4357 and the VITAMIN (VITal AMsterdam older adults IN the city): NL5472 (http://www.trialregister.nl).
P‐value for differences between the four lifestyle interventions. For nominal variables, Pearson’s chi‐squared test is used; for continuous variables, one‐way analysis of variance is used.
Range is presented as a minimum to maximum value.
Overweight = body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 and < 30 kg m−2, obese = BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2.
n waist circumference and n smoking status = 495, n fat free mass, fat mass and body fat percentage = 479.
MPS: n fat free mass, fat mass and body fat percentage = 70, n smoking status = 74.
WelPrex study: n fat free mass, fat mass and body fat percentage and waist circumference = 92.
PROBE study: n waist circumference = 117.
VITAMIN study: n fat free mass, fat mass and body fat percentage = 198, n smoking status = 209.