TABLE 2.
Responses to treadmill exercise in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.
| Cigarette Smokers (n = 12) | Nonsmokers (n = 12) | Nonsmokers vs Cigarette Smokers | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Difference (95% CIa) | d | |||
| Treadmill speed (km·h−1) | 7.7 ± 1.0 | 8.7 ± 1.2 | −1.0 (−2.0 to −0.1)b | 0.89 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 159 ± 13 | 159 ± 11 | 0 (−11 to 10) | 0.03 |
| Rating of perceived exertion | 11 ± 2 | 12 ± 2 | −1 (−3 to 1) | 0.52 |
| Oxygen uptake (L·min−1) | 2.14 ± 0.40 | 2.36 ± 0.48 | −0.21 (−0.58 to 0.16) | 0.48 |
| Percent V˙O2peak (%) | 63.4 ± 7.7 | 65.8 ± 7.2 | −2.3 (−8.7 to 4.0) | 0.31 |
| Respiratory exchange ratio | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07) | 0.62 |
| Fat oxidation (g) | 12.6 ± 8.5 | 18.5 ± 9.4 | −5.9 (−13.5 to 1.7) | 0.65 |
| Carbohydrate oxidation (g) | 144 ± 36 | 140 ± 33 | 4 (−25 to 33) | 0.12 |
| Gross energy expenditure (kJ) | 2788 ± 509 | 2954 ± 584 | −166 (−630 to 298) | 0.30 |
All values are mean ± SD. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models with group (cigarette smokers or nonsmokers) included as a fixed factor.
a95% CI of the mean absolute difference between the groups.
bMain effect of group P = 0.040.