TABLE 8.
Flexible parametric survival hazard ratios for competing risks of exiting from Sant'Anna Cara reception center, 2008–2018 full sample (panel a) and 2011–2012 subsample (panel b)
| Voluntary departure | Any form of protection | Other reasons | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (a) Country‐level variation | |||
| Internet diffusion (t – 1) | 1.030*** | 1.038*** | 0.956*** |
| (0.00) | (0.00) | (0.00) | |
| Female | 1.306*** | 1.141*** | 1.188*** |
| (0.04) | (0.03) | (0.04) | |
| Constant | 0.027*** | 0.037*** | 0.006*** |
| (0.00) | (0.01) | (0.00) | |
| Age dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Country of origin dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 40,157 | 40,157 | 40,157 |
| Log likelihood | −38,843.22 | −49,721.03 | −21,060.03 |
| (b) Individual‐level variation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet knowledge | 1.829*** | 0.723** | 1.216 |
| (0.11) | (0.07) | (0.15) | |
| Female | 0.093*** | 0.972 | 3.946*** |
| (0.03) | (0.20) | (0.69) | |
| Education medium‐high (Ref.: low) | 1.205* | 1.340 | 1.081 |
| (0.09) | (0.22) | (0.22) | |
| Entered the center with family members (Ref.: no) | 3.216*** | 0.662 | 0.460* |
| (0.87) | (0.30) | (0.18) | |
| Constant | 0.022*** | 0.008*** | 0.000 |
| (0.02) | (0.01) | (0.000) | |
| Age dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 2,034 | 2,034 | 2,034 |
| Log likelihood | −3,367.90 | −989.66 | −497.98 |
***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1.
NOTES: Estimates from competing risk models, with robust standard errors in parentheses. Panel a: No individual‐level Internet knowledge available for the full sample. Sample restricted to countries with at least 100 migrants. Libya is the omitted (reference) country. Panel b: No country dummies are included here because the majority of migrants come from few countries, mostly Tunisia.
SOURCES: Sant'Anna Cara reception center, ITU.