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. 2021 Apr 13;13(1):1911534. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1911534

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© 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Transcriptome analysis of GF-BDL vs GF-sham shows increased hepatic inflammation after acute cholestasis in GF mice

(A and B) Pathway enrichment analysis of transcriptome data, Go enrichment analysis for biological processes among differentially regulated genes in GF-BDL vs GF-sham. p<0.05, n=3/group. (C) Immunoblots of ERK and p38 and their phosphorylation in liver homogenates from all experimental groups followed by (D) corresponding quantification. GAPDH served as a loading control. (E) Liver proinflammatory markers including IL-1β, IL-6, SPP1 and TNF⍺ measured by RT-qPCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. n=3/group. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, **** p<0.0001. Abbreviations: GO; gene ontology, ASF; altered Schaedler’s flora, GF; germ free, BDL; bile duct ligation, ERK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p_ERK; phosphorylated ERK, GAPDH; glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, IL; interleukin, SPP1; osteopontin, TNF⍺; tumor necrosis factor, ns; not significant, SD; standard deviation.