Table 3.

Analysis of social distancing measure.

Study references	Main objective	Study design	Key findings	Analysis
(Guo, Qian et al., 2021)	Determine the effectiveness of social distancing	Numerical modeling	20-40% reduction in infection rate by halving the occupancy density. Determined safe distance of 1.6–3 m and transmission distance up to 8.2 m.	Maintaining a proper physical distance of up to 3 m reduces the risk of infection and also decreases the required ventilation rate.
(Qureshi et al., 2020)	Effect of early mandated social distancing	Observational study	Execution of social distancing at an early stage can reduce the number of daily new cases and total cases.	Early implementation of community-level actions can control the transmission rate.
(Guo, Qin et al., 2021)	Determined factors influencing social distancing in China	Survey	Women implied social distancing more seriously. Social media turned down psychological distress and influenced to follow social distancing while depression impeded.	Gender-sensitive promotions of social distancing should be done, and social media can be a useful means to influence society and motivate them to follow the norms.
(Cato et al., 2020)	Determined the factors that can reduce the economic cost of social distancing	Economic theory and empirical survey	Altruism, public shaming, and legal enforcement can be optimal solutions for reducing economic costs.	Voluntary actions and legal sanctions by policymakers can help control the infection rate.
(Triberti et al., 2021)	Correlation in personal behavior and social distancing	Online survey	Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy-like traits negatively correlate with social distancing.	Dark traits of personal can weaker the implementation of social distancing.
(Wang, 2021)	Assessment of cultural and government policies impact on social distancing	Numerical analysis	Government policies have more impact on the effective implementation than the culture of society.	Stringent government policies can play a key role in the success of social distancing.
(Marroquín et al., 2020)	Determined mental health during the lockdown	Online survey	Social distancing resulted in increased cases of depression and generalized anxiety disorders.	Social distancing may have negative mental health impacts.
(Shorfuzzaman et al., 2021)	Monitoring and tracking social distance violations	Experimental	Deep learning based YOLOv3 model monitors and tracks down the individuals breaching the norms with an efficiency of 92–95%.	Big data models can help improve the efficiency of social distancing implementation.
(Ahmed et al., 2021)	Real-time social distancing monitoring	Experimental	YOLO performed the best from faster R-CNN and SSD due to its balanced map score and speed. Also, alarms the crowd if any violation is detected.	Real-time monitoring works well in a crowded place but at the same time can question an individual’s privacy.