Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics of patients visiting the emergency department.
| Total (n = 549) | Non-infection (n = 229) | Infection (n = 132) | Sepsis (n = 188) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 59.2 (13.3) | 57.8 (13.8) | 55.5 (13.9) | 63.4 (11.0) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 302 (55.0) | 118 (51.5) | 74 (56.1) | 110 (58.5) | 0.348 |
| Previous medical condition, n (%) | |||||
| Malignancy | 267 (48.6) | 79 (34.5) | 71 (53.8) | 117 (62.2) | < 0.005 |
| Neutropeniaa | 67 (12.2) | 20 (8.7) | 19 (14.4) | 28 (14.9) | 0.109 |
| Use of antibioticsb, n (%) | 73 (13.3) | 14 (6.1) | 23 (17.4) | 36 (19.1) | < 0.001 |
| Use of G-CSF, n (%) | 49 (8.9) | 12 (5.2) | 16 (12.1) | 21 (11.2) | 0.036 |
| Immune-compromised, n (%) | |||||
| HIV or organ transplant | 6 (1.1) | 3 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.6) | 0.368 |
| Chemotherapyc | 117 (21.3) | 34 (14.8) | 30 (22.7) | 53 (28.2) | 0.004 |
| CMI, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 5.0 (4.0–7.8) | < 0.001 |
| SOFA scored, median (IQR) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–1) | 3 (2–5) | < 0.001 |
| qSOFAd, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | < 0.001 |
| Lactic acide (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) | < 0.001 |
SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; qSOFA, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; ED, emergency department; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; CMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index.
aNeutropenia was defined as neutrophil counts of less than 1,500/μL [13].
bUse of antibiotics was defined as using antibiotics within 7 days before ED visit.
cChemotherapy was defined as taking any cytotoxic chemotherapy within 2 weeks before emergency department visit.
dScores were the values calculated during ED admission.
eLactic acid was the initial value at the ED.