Table 2. Clinical, biochemical and hematological characteristics of the study population stratified by the states of glycemic control.
| Variables | T2DM Participants | Healthy Controls | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good Glycemic Control (HbA1c<7) | Poor Glycemic Control (HbA1c≥7) | |||
| Age (years) | 55.50 (52.50–63.50) | 57.00 (50.00–62.25) | 54.00 (50.00–60.25) | 0.637a |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.62 (23.15–29.54) | 24.59 (19.48–28.08) | 24.44 (21.98–26.74 | 0.252a |
| SBP(mmHg) | 138.00 (130.75–147.75) | 139.50 (129.50–149.50) | 137.00 (127.75–147.25) | 0.800a |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.97 ± 10.44 | 84.47 ± 15.53 | 82.70 ± 10.47 | 0.838 b |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 7.45 (6.01–8.95) | 13.51 (12.40–16.43) | 6.15 (5.40–6.33) | ≤0.001a* |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.50 (6.20–6.80) | 9.35 (8.60–12.43) | 4.65 (4.30–5.20) | ≤0.001a* |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 180.00 (131.25–205.00) | 196.00 (159.75–209.00) | 139.50 (128.00–175.00) | 0.001a* |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 116.00 (80.00–142.00) | 147.50 (129.00–180.50) | 76.50 (47.50–96.00) | ≤0.001a* |
| HDL-c (mg/dl) | 64.00 (55.00–77.75) | 51.60 (38.00–63.00) | 66.39 (45.75–74.73) | 0.002a* |
| LDL-c (mg/dl) | 81.90 (53.30–105.00) | 114.80 (95.68–136.20) | 89.50 (72.00–102.20) | ≤0.001a* |
| VLDL-c (mg/dl) | 23.00 (19.00–28.00) | 26.00 (18.00–28.70) | 22.85 (20.75–26.00) | 0.270a |
| Platelet (X109/l) | 226.50 (178.75–226.75) | 244.00 (193.50–282.00) | 193.00 (178.75–246.00) | 0.163a |
| PAI-1 Ag level (ng/ml) | 22.33 (19.72–26.86) | 23.48 (21.16–28.74) | 19.05 (17.82–21.30) | ≤0.001a* |
| PAI-1 Activity (U/ml) | 4.49 (4.06–5.60) | 4.76 (4.19–6.02) | 4.12 (3.44–4.45) | 0.004a* |
BMI = Body mass index, kg/m2 = kilogram per meter squared, T2DM = Type 2 diabetes mellitus, SBP = Systolic blood pressure, DBP = Diastolic blood pressure, FPG = Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c = Glycated hemoglobin, HDL-C = High density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C = Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, VLDL-C = Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, PAI-1 Ag = Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 antigen, G = Good glycemic control, P = Poor glycemic control.
a p-values were calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test and values presented as median (25th-75th percentiles),
bMann-Whitney U test was performed to compare DBP among the groups and values presented as mean ± standard deviation,
*p-values<0.05 was considered statistically significant.