Table 3. Results from the multivariable timing model for humpback, blue, and gray whales.

Variable	Humpback arrival	Humpback departure	Blue arrival	Gray-north departure
SST			Q(-)*
SST summer				L(-)***
SSS previous winter				Q(-)**
UI summer		L(-)*
UI fall			C(+)*
SOI previous spring	L(-)**
SOI previous winter		C(-)**	C(-)***
PDO	Q(-)***
NPGO summer		Q(-)*
Adjusted R2	0.6615	0.6808	0.7699	0.7011
P-value	0.0005	0.0001	0.0001	<<0.00001

Models of blue departure, gray-north arrival, and both gray-south metrics were not significant (P>0.05), and so are not shown.

Relationships are depicted as linear (L), quadratic (Q), or cubic (C). The coefficients for the multivariable model were depicted as positive (+) or negative (-). The most dominant variables (see text) are shown in gray shading. The level of significance is depicted by *** P≤0.001

** P≤0.01

* P≤0.05.