Table 8.
Number of leading food retailer chains
| Waves | 2002 | 2008 | 2012 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First wave | ||||
| Botswana | 6 | 5 | 7 | 8 |
| Namibia | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| South Africa | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 |
| Second wave | ||||
| Kenya | 4 | 4 | 8 | 10 |
| Madagascar | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Malawi | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Mozambique | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Tanzania | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
| Zambia | 2 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
| Zimbabwe | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| Third wave | ||||
| Angola | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| Ghana | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Nigeria | 0 | 2 | 5 | 5 |
| Senegal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Source: Authors’ analysis of raw data from www.ascentialedge.com.
The chains are all of those that Edge by Ascential followed per country that were specifically food retailers.