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. 2021 Apr 15;17(4):e1009377. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009377

Fig 3. Proposed microbiome-immune interactions in M. tuberculosis infection.

Fig 3

Microbiota of the upper and lower respiratory tract may define epithelial barrier integrity, M cell frequency, antimicrobial defense, composition, and functionality of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Through the gut-lung axis, the microbiota of the intestinal tract influences barrier and immune functions in the periphery and at sites of M. tuberculosis infection. Fig 3 was created with BioRender.