Table 1.

A list of nanocarrier based viral vaccine.

Virus	Classifications	Components	Target receptors	Status	Ref
Influenza	O/W Emulsion	IPM1, white oil, soybean oil, and grape-kernel oil	AF032 and AF043	Preclinical	[28]
Hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)	Polymeric nanoparticles	PLGA	Inactivated VHSV mixed with squalene	Preclinical	[29]
Hepatitis B	Polymeric nanoparticles	PLA and PLGA	HBsAg4	Phase ΙΙ	[16]
HPV	VLPs	L1, L2 proteins VLPs	Fusion protein HPV	Market	[30]
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV)	(MCV)-Like Particles	Polyomavirus capsid proteins, VP1 proteins	VP1 proteins	Phase Ι	[31]
Melanoma	Dendrimer	Glycan, PAMAM generation 0 or 3 dendrimer, GP100 long synthetic peptide	GP1005, DC-SIGN6, and Langerin receptors	Phase Ι	[32]
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)	Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CAP)	CAP	HSV-2 proteins	Preclinical	[33]
Influenza A virus	Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)	AuNPs, CpG7	M2e-specific IgG	Preclinical	[34]
Viral infectious	Nanogel	Cationic alginate-poly ethylenimine	OVA8	Preclinical	[35]
HIV	Peptide-based nanofibrous hydrogel	DNA, methylamino group, Nap-GFFY9	DNA encoding the gp 14510	Preclinical	[36]

Abbreviations: 1. Isopropyl myristate, 2. Squalene-in-water emulsion, 3. Combination of AF03 with Eisai's synthetic TLR4 agonist, 4. Hepatitis B surface antigen, 5. Glycoprotein 100, 6. Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin, 7. The cytosine-guanine-rich oligonucleotide, 8. Ovalbumin antigen, 9. Nap represents naphthalene acetic acid, G represents glycine, F represents phenylalanine, and Y represents tyrosine, 10. HIV-1 glycoprotein 145 envelope.