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. 2021 Apr 15;38(1):53–63. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1724008

Table 1. Biffl/Denver grading scale for blunt carotid injury.

Grade Definition
Grade 1 Minor intimal irregularity or dissection with less than 25% luminal narrowing
Grade 2 Dissection with intramural hematoma resulting in greater than 25% luminal narrowing
Grade 3 Pseudoaneurysm
Grade 4 Arterial occlusion
Grade 5 Transection with extravasation

Source: Adapted from Biffl et al. 6