Table 2.
Association between serum iCa and tCa levels and mortality in patients with CS.
| Clinical outcomes | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| 30-day mortality | ||||
| iCa (mmol/L) | ||||
| Q1 (iCa < 1.04) | 1.70 (1.27, 2.28) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.00, 1.83) | 0.049 |
| Q2 (1.04 ≤ iCa < 1.11) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.47) | 0.657 | 0.94 (0.68, 1.30) | 0.704 |
| Q3 (1.11 ≤ iCa < 1.17) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Q4 (1.17 ≤ iCa) | 1.29 (0.96, 1.74) | 0.096 | 1.17 (0.86, 1.59) | 0.315 |
| tCa (mg/dL) | ||||
| Q1 (tCa < 7.8) | 1.34 (1.00, 1.79) | 0.048 | 1.29 (0.95, 1.74) | 0.097 |
| Q2 (7.8 ≤ tCa < 8.3) | 0.84 (0.62, 1.13) | 0.250 | 0.77 (0.56, 1.04) | 0.091 |
| Q3 (8.3 ≤ tCa < 8.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Q4 (8.9 ≤ tCa) | 0.84 (0.63, 1.13) | 0.252 | 0.76 (0.56, 1.02) | 0.072 |
| 90-day mortality | ||||
| iCa (mmol/L) | ||||
| Q1 (iCa < 1.04) | 1.60 (1.22, 2.10) | 0.001 | 1.36 (1.03, 1.80) | 0.030 |
| Q2 (1.04 ≤ iCa < 1.11) | 1.12 (0.84, 1.49) | 0.428 | 1.04 (0.78, 1.39) | 0.785 |
| Q3 (1.11 ≤ iCa < 1.17) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Q4 (1.17 ≤ iCa) | 1.44 (1.11, 1.88) | 0.007 | 1.33 (1.01, 1.74) | 0.041 |
| tCa (mg/dL) | ||||
| Q1 (tCa < 7.8) | 1.34 (1.03, 1.75) | 0.030 | 1.31 (0.99, 1.72) | 0.056 |
| Q2 (7.8 ≤ tCa < 8.3) | 0.91 (0.69, 1.19) | 0.477 | 0.83 (0.63, 1.09) | 0.179 |
| Q3 (8.3 ≤ tCa < 8.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Q4 (8.9 ≤ tCa) | 0.86 (0.66, 1.12) | 0.262 | 0.79 (0.60, 1.03) | 0.086 |
| 365-day mortality | ||||
| iCa (mmol/L) | ||||
| Q1 (iCa < 1.04) | 1.45 (1.13, 1.86) | 0.003 | 1.28 (1.01, 1.67) | 0.046 |
| Q2 (1.04 ≤ iCa < 1.11) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.36) | 0.716 | 0.96 (0.74, 1.26) | 0.779 |
| Q3 (1.11 ≤ iCa < 1.17) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Q4 (1.17 ≤ iCa) | 1.39 (1.09, 1.77) | 0.008 | 1.27 (0.99, 1.63) | 0.057 |
| tCa (mg/dL) | ||||
| Q1 (tCa < 7.8) | 1.28 (1.00, 1.65) | 0.050 | 1.24 (0.95, 1.60) | 0.109 |
| Q2 (7.8 ≤ tCa < 8.3) | 0.94 (0.73, 1.20) | 0.623 | 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) | 0.086 |
| Q3 (8.3 ≤ tCa < 8.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Q4 (8.9 ≤ tCa) | 0.89 (0.70, 1.14) | 0.369 | 0.79 (0.61, 1.02) | 0.067 |
∗The confounders from the multivariable Cox regression analyses included age, SBP, DBP, MBP, phosphorus, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, lactate, AG, creatinine, eGFR, WBC, SOFA, SAPS II, and vasopressor use. CS: cardiogenic shock; iCa: ionized calcium; tCa: total calcium; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MBP: mean blood pressure; AG: anion gap; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; WBC: white blood cell; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score.