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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2021 May 1;162(5):1379–1386. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002145

Table 1.

Sample Clinic Descriptive Characteristics (N=484)

States [3-State Mean of Age-Adjusted Opioid Overdose Death Rate per 100,000 people] N % [95%CI]
High Rates of Overdose Death [33.2] 148 30.6% CI[25.8–35.6%]
 Massachusetts 40 8.3% CI[4.5–12.3%]
 Maryland 52 10.7% CI[7.0–14.8%]
 Ohio 56 11.6% CI[7.9–15.6%]
Medium Rates of Overdose Death [21.5] 158 32.7% CI[27.9–37.7%]
 Michigan 59 12.2% CI[8.5–16.2%]
 New Jersey 56 11.6% CI[7.9–15.6%]
 Pennsylvania 43 8.9% CI[5.2–12.9%]
Low Rates of Overdose Death [5.6] 178 36.8% CI[32.0–41.8%]
 California 56 11.6% CI[7.9–15.6%]
 Mississippi 65 13.4% CI[9.7–17.5%]
 Texas 57 11.8% CI[8.1–15.8%]
Number of Providers (IQVIA) μ=4.6 CI[4.37–4.76]
 1 91 18.8% CI[14.5–23.4%]
 2 83 17.1% CI[12.8–21.7%]
 3–10 275 56.8% CI[52.5–61.4%]
 More than 10 35 7.2% CI[2.9–11.8%]
Urban (population density +/− 1000)
 Urban 272 56.2% CI[51.7–60.8%]
 Rural 212 43.8% CI[39.3–48.4%]
FQHC Site (IQVIA)
 Yes 44 9.1% CI[6.8–11.7%]

FQHC, Federally Qualified Health Center.